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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-12-2026-141-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Linking UAV and Spaceborne Imaging Spectroscopy for Multi-scale Calibration and Validation of a Mediterranean Saline Surface</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gallay</surname>
<given-names>Michal</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kaňuk</surname>
<given-names>Ján</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Šašak</surname>
<given-names>Ján</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Onačillová</surname>
<given-names>Katarína</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dávidová</surname>
<given-names>Petra</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Melis</surname>
<given-names>Maria Teresa</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0970-1244</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Musacchio</surname>
<given-names>Massimo</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6235-1565</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Casu</surname>
<given-names>Marco</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Nobile</surname>
<given-names>Ilaria</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Collu</surname>
<given-names>Claudia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Nieddu</surname>
<given-names>Constantino</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Faculty of Science, Institute of Geography, Košice, Slovakia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>PHOTOMAP, s.r.o., Slovakia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>University of Cagliari, Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Cagliari, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Rome, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Sapienza University of Rome, Dept. of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering, Rome, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>08</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLVIII-M-12-2026</volume>
<fpage>141</fpage>
<lpage>147</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Michal Gallay et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-M-12-2026/141/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-12-2026-141-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-M-12-2026/141/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-12-2026-141-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-M-12-2026/141/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-12-2026-141-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-M-12-2026/141/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-12-2026-141-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The increasing availability of spaceborne imaging spectroscopy data requires validation approaches capable of linking measurements acquired at different spatial scales. This study examines the temporary Sal &amp;rsquo;e Porcus saline pond in western Sardinia, Italy, as a candidate reference surface for cross-scale spectral comparison. Surface reflectance was characterised using ASD FieldSpec ground spectroscopy, UAV-borne hyperspectral imagery acquired with a Specim AISA Kestrel 10 sensor, and temporally proximate PRISMA and EnMAP observations. UAV surface reflectance was derived by empirical-line calibration using field-measured radiometric targets. The four spectra were linearly interpolated onto a common 1 nm wavelength grid over their overlapping interval within 400&amp;ndash;1000 nm and compared using correlation, linear regression and residual statistics. At the analysed sampling location, all dataset pairs showed strong spectral co-variation (Pearson&amp;rsquo;s r = 0.961&amp;ndash;0.995). The strongest linear correspondence was obtained between UAV and ASD spectra (r = 0.995, slope = 1.001, R&amp;sup2; = 0.990 and residual RMSE = 0.007). Comparisons involving satellite observations retained the broad spectral pattern but showed pair-dependent slopes and larger residual dispersion. Because the acquisitions were non-simultaneous and differed in spatial support and spectral response, these discrepancies cannot be attributed solely to spatial scale or sensor performance. The findings support the potential of UAV imaging spectroscopy as an intermediate observational scale and justify further investigation of Sal &amp;rsquo;e Porcus as a candidate CAL/VAL surface.</p>
</abstract>
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