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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-13-2026-49-2026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Improving on the spatial location of geostationary satellite-derived FRP by accounting for parallax effect</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ponte Lira</surname>
<given-names>Cristina</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9947-6724</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dutra</surname>
<given-names>Emanuel</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0643-2643</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Xu</surname>
<given-names>Weidong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wooster</surname>
<given-names>Martin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Trigo</surname>
<given-names>Isabel</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8640-9170</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Earth Observation Unite (NOT), Lisbon, Portugal</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>King&apos;s College London, Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment and Society, Department of Geography, London, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), King&apos;s College London, London, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>12</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLVIII-M-13-2026</volume>
<fpage>49</fpage>
<lpage>55</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Cristina Ponte Lira et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-M-13-2026/49/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-13-2026-49-2026.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-M-13-2026/49/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-13-2026-49-2026.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-M-13-2026/49/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-13-2026-49-2026.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-M-13-2026/49/2026/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-13-2026-49-2026.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>When a satellite observes the Earth at an angle, the apparent position of elevated features, such as mountains, clouds or fires in high terrain, can be shifted from their true ground location. This effect, which may be particularly pronounced in the case of geostationary platforms providing observations under systematically high viewing angles in many places, is known as parallax displacement and becomes larger as terrain elevation and satellite viewing angle increase.&lt;br /&gt;Meteosat satellites operated by EUMETSAT provide frequent near-real-time observations that are essential for wildfire detection and monitoring. The new Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) satellites, equipped with the Flexible Combined Imager (FCI), offer improved spatial, temporal and spectral capabilities compared with previous systems. These improvements support better detection and tracking of active fires.&lt;br /&gt;The LSA SAF Fire Radiative Power product (FRP-PIXEL) provides information on the location, timing and radiative energy of active fires, which can be used as an indicator of fire intensity and biomass consumption. However, standard geostationary processing assumes that observed features are located at sea level. As a result, fires occurring in elevated terrain may be incorrectly geolocated due to parallax displacement.&lt;br /&gt;This work presents an updated MTG FRP-PIXEL product that includes both the original fire and terrain-corrected coordinates. The correction aims to improve the spatial accuracy of active-fire locations, especially in mountainous regions. Preliminary comparisons with active-fire information derived from high-resolution Sentinel-2 imagery show that the correction can improve the location of FRP detections over high-elevation terrain.</p>
</abstract>
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