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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-2-2023-995-2023</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>CULTURAL HERITAGE DIGITAL PRESERVATION THROUGH AI-DRIVEN ROBOTICS</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Marchello</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Giovanelli</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8884-8492</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fontana</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cannella</surname>
<given-names>F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Traviglia</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Cultural Heritage Technology, 30172 Venice, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Convergent Technologies - Industrial Robotics Facility, 16163 Genoa, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, DSU, 3246 Venice, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>24</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLVIII-M-2-2023</volume>
<fpage>995</fpage>
<lpage>1000</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2023 G. Marchello et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-M-2-2023/995/2023/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-2-2023-995-2023.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-M-2-2023/995/2023/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-2-2023-995-2023.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-M-2-2023/995/2023/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-2-2023-995-2023.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-M-2-2023/995/2023/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-2-2023-995-2023.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>&lt;p&gt;This paper introduces a novel methodology developed for creating 3D models of archaeological artifacts that reduces the time and effort required by operators. The approach uses a simple vision system mounted on a robotic arm that follows a predetermined path around the object to be reconstructed. The robotic system captures different viewing angles of the object and assigns 3D coordinates corresponding to the robot&apos;s pose, allowing it to adjust the trajectory to accommodate objects of various shapes and sizes. The angular displacement between consecutive acquisitions can also be fine-tuned based on the desired final resolution. This flexible approach is suitable for different object sizes, textures, and levels of detail, making it ideal for both large volumes with low detail and small volumes with high detail. The recorded images and assigned coordinates are fed into a constrained implementation of the structure-from-motion (SfM) algorithm, which uses the scale-invariant features transform (SIFT) method to detect key points in each image. By utilising a priori knowledge of the coordinates and SIFT algorithm, low processing time can be ensured while maintaining high accuracy in the final reconstruction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The use of a robotic system to acquire images at a pre-defined pace ensures high repeatability and consistency across different 3D reconstructions, eliminating operator errors in the workflow. This approach not only allows for comparisons between similar objects but also provides the ability to track structural changes of the same object over time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Overall, the proposed methodology provides a significant improvement over current photogrammetry techniques by reducing the time and effort required to create 3D models while maintaining a high level of accuracy and repeatability.&lt;/p&gt;</p>
</abstract>
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