Water-related disasters are increasing in frequency due to climate change, with urban areas particularly vulnerable to flooding exacerbated by declining green spaces. This study employs the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to analyse the impact of vegetation changes on surface infiltration rates and runoff in East Baton Rouge Parish, a region increasingly vulnerable to severe weather events. As climate change intensifies, urbanization and reduced green spaces exacerbate flooding risks, making this analysis critical for effective water management. The watershed was delineated into 47 sub-units, and SWAT was utilized to compute infiltration rates and surface runoff over a 30-year period. Results reveal a significant decrease in vegetation cover from 73% in 1994 to 68% in 2024, which corresponded with a marked reduction in infiltration rates, from 629 mm to 368 mm. This decline has led to increased surface runoff, heightening flood risks in the area. Notably, eight communities; Central, Gardere, Westminster, Oak Hills Place, Baton Rouge, Denham Springs, Monticello, and Merrydale were identified as having particularly low infiltration rates, making them highly susceptible to waterlogging and surface water pollution. The findings emphasize the need for strategic interventions to enhance infiltration capacity and restore vegetation cover, which is essential for mitigating flood risks and ensuring the sustainability of water resources in East Baton Rouge Parish.