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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-525-2025</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Opportunities and challenges of Crowdsourced Indoor Geographic and Semantic Data for Built Heritage</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gaspari</surname>
<given-names>Federica</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8502-7381</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Barbieri</surname>
<given-names>Federico</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fascia</surname>
<given-names>Rebecca</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2525-6816</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pinto</surname>
<given-names>Livio</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>01</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XLVIII-M-9-2025</volume>
<fpage>525</fpage>
<lpage>531</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2025 Federica Gaspari et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-M-9-2025/525/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-525-2025.html">This article is available from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-M-9-2025/525/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-525-2025.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-M-9-2025/525/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-525-2025.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-M-9-2025/525/2025/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-525-2025.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The increasing availability of crowdsourced indoor geographic and semantic data presents both significant opportunities and notable challenges for the documentation and enhancement of built heritage. This work investigates the integration of OpenStreetMap (OSM) and Wikidata as complementary platforms for indoor mapping and semantic enrichment, particularly within the context of cultural heritage. OSM&amp;rsquo;s collaborative framework, supported by indoor tagging schemas, enables the detailed mapping of interior building elements, points of interest, and artworks, while Wikidata contributes structured, linked semantic information that enhances data interoperability and accessibility. Despite the growing adoption of these platforms, challenges persist in modelling complex indoor environments, achieving data completeness and facilitating user-friendly semantic integration. The proposed methodology demonstrates a flexible workflow for creating interactive 3D virtual tours of cultural buildings, leveraging OSM for spatial data and Wikidata for semantic enrichment. This approach not only supports research and educational applications but also fosters citizen science participation and interoperability with digital tools such as augmented and virtual reality. The findings highlight the transformative potential of open, crowdsourced data in advancing the discoverability, usability, and preservation of cultural heritage, while also identifying areas where further tool development and community engagement are needed to address current limitations.</p>
</abstract>
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