Design of AR Content for Improving Artifact-centered Contextual Learning of Processional Paintings

Abstract. In the utilization of digital cultural heritage content, several studies have raised concerns regarding the potential erosion of authenticity inherent in artifacts and the prioritization of entertainment. Existing digital content related to processional paintings exhibited in museums particularly focuses on visual effects utilizing large screens or projection mapping, which presents limitations in fully conveying the historical narratives embedded within the artworks. Furthermore, such experiences tend to remain contentcentric and are detached from direct engagement with original artifacts. Accordingly, this paper proposes an artifact-centered augmented reality (AR) design framework that enhances contextual learning through the Hwaneohaengneoldo from the Hwaseonghaenghaengdo folding screen, which depicts King Jeongjo's royal procession to Hwaseong Fortress in 1795. The proposed content is designed with a sequential three-stage structure: (1) providing fundamental artwork information, (2) connecting past processional routes with contemporary geographical spaces, and (3) multi-marker-based AR experiences. Grounded in contextual learning theory, this approach connects the cognitive contexts of present-day visitors with historical narratives, facilitating intuitive and concrete understanding. Experimental results show excellent evaluations in artifact-content connectivity and contextual learning effectiveness. The learning pathway of geographical connection → concrete cognition → value recognition was statistically validated, and correlations between artifact connectivity and user engagement were confirmed. Through this design, users move beyond simple audiovisual experiences by learning contextual elements through interaction. By integrating digital content with original artifact appreciation, this approach enhances understanding while maintaining authenticity and historical context.