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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ISPRS-Archives</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2194-9034</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>ISPRS</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/isprsarchives-XXXIX-B7-493-2012</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>AERIAL TERRAIN MAPPING USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE APPROACH</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tahar</surname>
<given-names>K. N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Dept. of Surveying Science &amp; Geomatics, Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying Universiti Teknologi MARA,40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>01</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>XXXIX-B7</volume>
<fpage>493</fpage>
<lpage>498</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2012 K. N. Tahar</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
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<self-uri xlink:href="https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XXXIX-B7/493/2012/isprs-archives-XXXIX-B7-493-2012.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XXXIX-B7/493/2012/isprs-archives-XXXIX-B7-493-2012.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>This paper looks into the latest achievement in the low-cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology in their capacity to
map the semi-development areas. The objectives of this study are to establish a new methodology or a new algorithm in image
registration during interior orientation process and to determine the accuracy of the photogrammetric products by using UAV
images. Recently, UAV technology has been used in several applications such as mapping, agriculture and surveillance. The aim
of this study is to scrutinize the usage of UAV to map the semi-development areas. The performance of the low cost UAV
mapping study was established on a study area with two image processing methods so that the results could be comparable. A
non-metric camera was attached at the bottom of UAV and it was used to capture images at both sites after it went through
several calibration steps. Calibration processes were carried out to determine focal length, principal distance, radial lens
distortion, tangential lens distortion and affinity. A new method in image registration for a non-metric camera is discussed in this
paper as a part of new methodology of this study. This method used the UAV Global Positioning System (GPS) onboard to
register the UAV image for interior orientation process. Check points were established randomly at both sites using rapid static
Global Positioning System. Ground control points are used for exterior orientation process, and check point is used for accuracy
assessment of photogrammetric product. All acquired images were processed in a photogrammetric software. Two methods of
image registration were applied in this study, namely, GPS onboard registration and ground control point registration. Both
registrations were processed by using photogrammetric software and the result is discussed. Two results were produced in this
study, which are the digital orthophoto and the digital terrain model. These results were analyzed by using the root mean square
errors and mean absolute error to determine the level of accuracy and the precision of photogrammetric products. It can be
concluded that the new method of image registration by using the GPS onboard of the UAV produces medium accuracy result
compared to the method that uses the ground control point. This new method can be used for the medium accuracy requirements.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle can be used for several applications, which requires a medium accuracy.</p>
</abstract>
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