ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF VEGETATION DISTRIBUTION, URBANIZATION, AND SOLAR RADIATION ON THE SEASONAL VARIATION OF THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT IN CEBU CITY USING LANDSAT AND GLOBAL HORIZONTAL IRRADIANCE DATA

Abstract. The Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon is a manifestation of the abnormal amount of heat generated in urban areas and anthropogenic land surface modifications. While urbanization can improve material comfort and be a boon to the economy, the accompanying problems associated with urbanization like the UHI effect has implications on health, demand for water and energy, and impacts the microclimate. Land surface temperature (LST), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) were calculated from historical remotely-sensed Landsat data from 2013 to present. The global horizontal irradiance (GHI) was computed from the lidar-derived elevation model of Cebu City using the Geographical Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS). It is shown that annual variation in average temperatures in Cebu is generally less than 5 °C. Mean UHI temperatures in Cebu City do not show a clear trend over time, but categorizing data by season, namely the rainy season (June–November), the cool dry season (December–February), and the hot dry season (March–May), permits the emergence of a pattern. Surface temperatures for the cool dry season and hot dry season show a linearly increasing trend with R² values of 0.916 and 0.514, respectively. This study further investigates the temporal change in the degree and extent of the UHI in Cebu City by analyzing LST maps. Regression analysis is done to determine how LST is affected by the distribution of vegetation (NDVI) and built-up (NDBI), and the seasonal variation in solar radiation through the GHI.