IMPACT OF GNSS SIGNAL OUTAGE ON EOPS USING FORWARD KALMAN FILTER AND SMOOTHING ALGORITHM

Ground motion slowly damages roads, railways, and tunnels, threatening public safety and raising maintenance costs. Using satellite radar, we compared two ways of measuring it along key Swedish transport corridors: the European Ground Motion Service, using very stable targets, and a method adding moderately stable ones. Both captured the same motion, but the second gave far more detail at similar reliability, helping operators target maintenance and reduce risk more effectively.