FEATURE FUSION FOR CROSS-MODAL SCENE CLASSIFICATION OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGE

This study examines the variability of climatic parameters over the Mediterranean and their teleconnection with tropical belt expansion. The results exhibit a dominant upward trend of tropopause height, with maximum trends in the eastern Mediterranean region, which shows more poleward occurrences of tropical edge latitudes. The analysis confirms the link between climatic parameter variability and tropical edge latitude occurrences.

Satellite remote sensing helps monitor dust storms. Our study compared five satellite products that use ground-based PM₁₀ data. Most products agreed on the daily dust distribution, with absorbing aerosol index (AAI) performing best under cloud cover. Overall, the Sentinel-5P AAI has the highest probability of correct detection (POCD) in dust events but is unstable and has a high probability of false detection (POFD). The FY4A/B infrared difference dust index (IDDI) has the lowest POCD, but it is relatively stable, and its POFD is low.

We used the spherical harmonic function (SHF) and the local spherical symmetry (LSS) assumption methods to calculate the hourly and daily LEO satellite GPS differential code bias (DCB). The SHF method is more stable and precise than the LSS assumption. The daily DCB estimation is more accurate and stable than the hourly DCB due to more observation data. Hourly DCBs have large changes in one day, mainly be attributed to random errors because these error time series have a normal distribution.

We investigated the possible widening of the tropical belt along with the probable drivers and impacts based on high-accuracy, high-resolution GNSS RO data (2001–2020). The results show that the tropical belt has significant expansion in the Northern Hemisphere, while the Southern Hemisphere has no significant expansion.