Meteorological Influence on L-Band Forest Backscatter: Evidence from the BorealScat-2 Radar Tower

In the boreal Krycklan Catchment, 40 years of warming has notably altered hydrological patterns, with increases in winter runoff and decreases in summer flows. Winter climate indices effectively predicted minimum winter flows, while summer runoff variability was influenced by temperature extremes across seasons. Isotope data revealed a growing contribution of precipitation to winter runoff, indicating potential challenges for catchment water storage under continued warming.

The "two water-worlds hypothesis" has attracted significant public attention because it is an accessible way to describe the partitioning of water sources within catchments. This manuscript adds a new degree of complexity to that idea by recognizing that co-occurring tree species, which root at different depths, also use different water sources. So it leads to at least three water worlds.

There is an increasing interest in rewetting drained peatlands to regain their important ecosystem functions. However, as peatland rewetting is a relatively new strategy, the scientific foundation for this approach is not solid. Therefore, we investigated the impact of rewetting on flood mitigation using high-resolution hydrological field observations. Our results showed that peatland rewetting significantly reduced peak flow and runoff coefficient and mitigated flashy hydrograph responses.

Discrete riparian inflow points (DRIPs) transport dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from large areas to discrete sections of streams, yet the mechanisms by which DRIPs affect stream DOC concentration, cycling, and export are still unknown. Here, we tested four models that account for different hydrologic and biological representations to show that DRIPs generally reduce DOC exports by either diluting stream DOC (snowmelt period) or promoting aquatic metabolism (summer).

Terrain indices constitute a good candidate for modelling the spatial variation of soil moisture conditions in many landscapes. In this study, we evaluate nine terrain indices on varying DEM resolution and user-defined thresholds with validation using an extensive field soil moisture class inventory. We demonstrate the importance of field validation for selecting the appropriate DEM resolution and user-defined thresholds and that failing to do so can result in ambiguous and incorrect results.