3

3D

• Towards evaluating the effects of visualization and task types on urban planning decisions, pages 289–297

3D Data Integration

• A Framework for Integrating and Managing Heterogeneous 3D Geospatial Data in Urban Digital Twins, pages 57–64

3D Point Clouds

• Boundary Cues for Improved 3D Semantic Segmentation, pages 143–150
• 3D Point Cloud–Based Digital Twin Reconstruction and VR Immersive Visualization of Borobudur’s Hidden Foot Reliefs, pages 775–780

3D Point cloud

• Feature-Enhanced Visualization of 3D Point Clouds of Cultural Heritage in Transparent Virtual Reality, pages 753–758

3D Realistic Geospatial Landscape Model

• A Low-Altitude Data Space Framework Based on China’s National 3D Mapping Program, pages 383–389

3D Simulation

• Open Data for large-scale geospecific 3D Simulation for Security Applications - A Case Study, pages 477–484

3D Tiles

• Design and Implementation of an AR System for Real-Time Urban Model Editing and Visualization, pages 71–80

3D city models

• Using textureless, low-detailed 3D city models for visual localization, pages 407–416

3D digital modeling

• A Study on the Digital Reconstruction of the Foundation Platform of the Diji Altar and its Application in Restoration Practice, pages 721–727

3D models

• Shadow Geometric Analysis Utilising CityGML Models and FME, pages 19–24
• Digital Tools for Interpretation of Reconstructed Mining Features. Project Digital Geopark Muskau Arch, pages 229–234

3D point cloud

• Kinematic Characteristics and Risk Analysis of Potential Rockfall based on 3D Point Clouds, pages 223–228

3D point clouds

• Text-Guided Semantic Segmentation Method for Indoor 3D Point Clouds, pages 447–452

3D scanned point cloud

• Adaptive PCA-Scale Optimization for Edge Extraction from 3D Scanned Cultural Heritage Point Clouds, pages 759–765

3D scene understanding

• Text-Guided Semantic Segmentation Method for Indoor 3D Point Clouds, pages 447–452

A

AI-Driven Citizen Engagement

• Leveraging Large Language Models for Automated Assessment and Mapping in Participatory Urban Planning, pages 671–678

AI-driven Feature Extraction

• A Comprehensive Toolkit for Semi-Automated HD Maps Production: Integrating AI-Driven Feature Extraction with 3D Interactive Validation and Editing, pages 369–375

API

• Bridging Human Intent and Geospatial Services: A Conceptual Framework and Feasibility Study for Text2GeoAPI, pages 119–123

Abundance Inversion

• Hyperspectral Analysis of Pigment Identification and Abundance Inversion in the Dome of China’s Yungang Grotto 7, pages 737–743

Accessibility

• Who Can Reach What? Travel-Time-Based Accessibility and Urban Inequality in Los Ángeles, Chile, pages 323–329

Aerial Image Segmentation

• Road Change Detection for Map Updating Using Geometric Boundary Deviation Between Digital Maps and Aerial Segmentation Results, pages 159–165

Air Pollution

• Improving Sentinel-5P Imagery Usability Through Machine Learning Gap-Filling, pages 195–202
• Benchmarking and assessment of image-based methods for particulate matter estimation: The AQpictures project, pages 563–568

Air Quality Monitoring

• Benchmarking and assessment of image-based methods for particulate matter estimation: The AQpictures project, pages 563–568

Air-Ground Integration

• A Low-Altitude Data Space Framework Based on China’s National 3D Mapping Program, pages 383–389

Airborne LiDAR

• Quantifying Vertical Differences in Green Visibility in High‑Density Cities: A Voxel‑Based Analysis Method, pages 529–537

Anomaly detection

• Multi-Sensor Spatial Data Fusion for Road Condition Monitoring Digital Twins, pages 521–528

Array Programming

• Investigating Array Programming for Spatial Operations with Vector Geometries, pages 217–222

Artificial Intelligence

• Artificial Intelligence for territorial interpretation: from image clustering to perceptual mapping, pages 11–18

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• A Conversational Multi-Agent Platform for BIM Data Intelligence, pages 501–506

Augmented Reality

• Design and Implementation of an AR System for Real-Time Urban Model Editing and Visualization, pages 71–80

Automated BIM Analysis

• A Conversational Multi-Agent Platform for BIM Data Intelligence, pages 501–506

Automated Recognition

• An Automated Recognition Framework for Surface Deterioration Features of Stone Sculptural Artifacts in the Yungang Grottoes Based on Deep Learning, pages 703–709

Autonomous vehicle simulation

• Topological Analysis of OpenDRIVE Models for Advanced Autonomous Vehicle Simulations, pages 417–424
• Integrating Road Surface Condition Data into OpenDRIVE Models for Autonomous Vehicle Simulations, pages 433–438

Avian Influenza

• Spatio-temporal Modelling of H5N1 Avian Influenza Outbreaks in Europe (2021-2024), pages 549–554

Awareness

• Towards the Development of a Metadata-driven Usability Awareness Prototype for Interoperable GIS Operation Design, pages 49–56

architectural heritage

• Monocular Depth Estimation from UAV Images for 3D Documentation of Architectural Heritage: A Depth Anything V2-Based Approach, pages 679–686

augmented reality

• Digital Tools for Interpretation of Reconstructed Mining Features. Project Digital Geopark Muskau Arch, pages 229–234

B

BERT

• Integrating Point of Interest and BERT to identify potentially contaminating Enterprises in Datong City, pages 35–40

BIM

• A BIM-Driven Hybrid Wi-Fi/BLE Indoor Positioning Framework for Real-Time 3D Localization and Digital Twin Development, pages 353–360

BLE

• A BIM-Driven Hybrid Wi-Fi/BLE Indoor Positioning Framework for Real-Time 3D Localization and Digital Twin Development, pages 353–360

Bayesian Cost Estimation

• A BIM and LLM Framework for Automated Construction and Demolition Waste Management, pages 507–512

Big Data Analysis

• Point Cloud Data Management for Cross-Domain Applications, pages 263–268

Blue Economy

• A framework for enabling data sharing and accessibility in a transdisciplinary federated marine spatial infrastructure, pages 629–635

Boundary Comparison

• Road Change Detection for Map Updating Using Geometric Boundary Deviation Between Digital Maps and Aerial Segmentation Results, pages 159–165

Boundary Cues

• Boundary Cues for Improved 3D Semantic Segmentation, pages 143–150

Boundary refinement

• Automated Geometric Correction of OpenStreetMap Buildings via Context- and Boundary-Aware Segmentation, pages 151–157

Buddhist statue

• A five-level LoD concept for modelling of Buddhist statues in 3D with semantic information, pages 767–773

Building Information Modelling (BIM)

• Developing BIM-Based Data Analytics Dashboards for Sustainable Construction and Demolition Waste Management and Environmental Evaluation, pages 471–476
• A Conversational Multi-Agent Platform for BIM Data Intelligence, pages 501–506
• A BIM and LLM Framework for Automated Construction and Demolition Waste Management, pages 507–512

Building Model

• Open Data for large-scale geospecific 3D Simulation for Security Applications - A Case Study, pages 477–484

Building segmentation

• Automated Geometric Correction of OpenStreetMap Buildings via Context- and Boundary-Aware Segmentation, pages 151–157

Buildings

• Integrating Microsoft Building Footprints and OpenStreetMap to Improve Building Representation, pages 41–47

building footprints extraction

• From Orthophotos to Building Footprints over a decade: Model Inference-Based Approach for Urban Densification Analysis in Iași, Romania, pages 25–33

C

Cave digitization

• High-Precision Registration of Grotto Point Clouds Using Multi-Source Data Fusion, pages 687–693

Change Detection

• Unsupervised Mapping of Flood-prone Areas in Ghana Using Sentinel-1 Time-Series, pages 89–96

Circular Economy

• Developing BIM-Based Data Analytics Dashboards for Sustainable Construction and Demolition Waste Management and Environmental Evaluation, pages 471–476
• A BIM and LLM Framework for Automated Construction and Demolition Waste Management, pages 507–512

CityGML

• Shadow Geometric Analysis Utilising CityGML Models and FME, pages 19–24
• A Framework for Integrating and Managing Heterogeneous 3D Geospatial Data in Urban Digital Twins, pages 57–64
• Design and Implementation of an AR System for Real-Time Urban Model Editing and Visualization, pages 71–80
• Bridging Semantic Mesh, CityGML, and Gaussian Splatting for Urban Modelling and Visualization, pages 81–88
• Using textureless, low-detailed 3D city models for visual localization, pages 407–416
• Scenario-based energy simulation of tree planting strategies to reduce the heating and cooling demand of buildings under 2050 climate conditions, pages 513–520
• A Knowledge Service System for Cultural Heritage Integrating Knowledge Graph and Semantic 3D Model, pages 745–752

CityGML ADE

• A five-level LoD concept for modelling of Buddhist statues in 3D with semantic information, pages 767–773

Class imbalance

• Dynamic Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Machine Learning Models, pages 175–184

Climate Scenarios

• Scenario-based energy simulation of tree planting strategies to reduce the heating and cooling demand of buildings under 2050 climate conditions, pages 513–520

Coarse-to-Fine

• A Coarse-to-Fine Indoor Point Cloud Registration Method Guided by Prior Correspondences, pages 439–446

Code Generation

• Chat2Map: A ReAct-based Agent Framework for Automated Web Map Generation from Natural Language Instructions, pages 203–209

Cognitive Mapping

• Artificial Intelligence for territorial interpretation: from image clustering to perceptual mapping, pages 11–18

Colonial culture heritage

• Shaping the Colonial Port cities: Trade Network and Spatial Structure in the Early modern period, pages 185–193

Colonial port city

• Shaping the Colonial Port cities: Trade Network and Spatial Structure in the Early modern period, pages 185–193

Compact City

• Ring-based Spatial Transformer: Learning Non-linear Spatial Interactions between Building Distribution and Pedestrian Flow, pages 315–322

Component-Level Representation

• Toward IFC-Compatible HBIM Semantics for Component-Level Representation of Architectural Heritage, pages 711–720

Confidentiality Management

• Analysis of the Current Situation and Research on Countermeasures of National Fundamental Surveying and Mapping Achievements Services, pages 257–262

Construction and Demolition Waste (C&DW)

• Developing BIM-Based Data Analytics Dashboards for Sustainable Construction and Demolition Waste Management and Environmental Evaluation, pages 471–476
• A BIM and LLM Framework for Automated Construction and Demolition Waste Management, pages 507–512

Construction and Management System

• A Spatiotemporal Knowledge Graph Construction and Management System, pages 103–109

Contaminated enterprises

• Integrating Point of Interest and BERT to identify potentially contaminating Enterprises in Datong City, pages 35–40

Conversational

• A Conversational Multi-Agent Platform for BIM Data Intelligence, pages 501–506

Copernicus Exposure Mapping Component

• Leveraging SDGSAT-1 data for exploring the interactions of nighttime lights and human settlement structure at high spatial resolution, pages 619–628

Crowd Behaviour

• Analysis of Crowd Behaviour Intensity in Historic Urban Areas from the Perspective of Transportation Spatial Pattern: Case Study of Kunming, China, pages 331–336

Cultivated Land–D Conversion

• KG-MS-ResNet: A Knowledge-Guided Multi-Scale Attention Residual Network for Cultivated Land Change Monitoring, pages 211–216

Cultural Heritage

• A Knowledge Service System for Cultural Heritage Integrating Knowledge Graph and Semantic 3D Model, pages 745–752
• 3D Point Cloud–Based Digital Twin Reconstruction and VR Immersive Visualization of Borobudur’s Hidden Foot Reliefs, pages 775–780

Cultural heritage

• Feature-Enhanced Visualization of 3D Point Clouds of Cultural Heritage in Transparent Virtual Reality, pages 753–758
• A five-level LoD concept for modelling of Buddhist statues in 3D with semantic information, pages 767–773

carrier phase gap prediction

• Improving GNSS Performances in Location-Based Services through Synthetic Carrier-Phase Measurements, pages 377–382

cigarette butt

• Digital Detectives of Environment Tackling Cigarette Butt Pollution, pages 337–343

climate change monitoring

• Deep Learning-Based Underwater Mapping of Posidonia Oceanica from Satellite Data for Coastal Habitat Monitoring, pages 111–118

combination 2D and 3D

• Towards evaluating the effects of visualization and task types on urban planning decisions, pages 289–297

cross-modal learning

• Text-Guided Semantic Segmentation Method for Indoor 3D Point Clouds, pages 447–452

cultural heritage

• Spatiotemporal uncertainty of movement data in unstructured geographic areas: Approaches to generate possibility spaces from ship movements, pages 299–306
• Adaptive PCA-Scale Optimization for Edge Extraction from 3D Scanned Cultural Heritage Point Clouds, pages 759–765

cycle slip repair

• Improving GNSS Performances in Location-Based Services through Synthetic Carrier-Phase Measurements, pages 377–382

D

Data Governance

• A framework for enabling data sharing and accessibility in a transdisciplinary federated marine spatial infrastructure, pages 629–635

Data Management

• Point Cloud Data Management for Cross-Domain Applications, pages 263–268

Data Model

• Point Cloud Data Management for Cross-Domain Applications, pages 263–268

Data Quality

• Towards the Development of a Metadata-driven Usability Awareness Prototype for Interoperable GIS Operation Design, pages 49–56

Data Sharing and Application

• Analysis of the Current Situation and Research on Countermeasures of National Fundamental Surveying and Mapping Achievements Services, pages 257–262

Data Structures

• Investigating Array Programming for Spatial Operations with Vector Geometries, pages 217–222

Data Visualization

• Developing BIM-Based Data Analytics Dashboards for Sustainable Construction and Demolition Waste Management and Environmental Evaluation, pages 471–476

Data elements circulation

• Research on Strengthen the Supervision and Administration of Geographic Information Security and Data Governance, pages 243–248

Data governance

• Research on Strengthen the Supervision and Administration of Geographic Information Security and Data Governance, pages 243–248

Data model extension

• Integrating Road Surface Condition Data into OpenDRIVE Models for Autonomous Vehicle Simulations, pages 433–438

Data security

• Research on Strengthen the Supervision and Administration of Geographic Information Security and Data Governance, pages 243–248

Data supervision and administration

• Research on Strengthen the Supervision and Administration of Geographic Information Security and Data Governance, pages 243–248

Data usage control

• Research on Strengthen the Supervision and Administration of Geographic Information Security and Data Governance, pages 243–248

Data-Driven Representation

• Artificial Intelligence for territorial interpretation: from image clustering to perceptual mapping, pages 11–18

Datong city

• Integrating Point of Interest and BERT to identify potentially contaminating Enterprises in Datong City, pages 35–40

Deep Learning

• Deep Learning-Based Underwater Mapping of Posidonia Oceanica from Satellite Data for Coastal Habitat Monitoring, pages 111–118
• A Generative Adversarial Network Framework for Vertiport Location: A Case Study in Toronto, pages 307–313
• Analysing the Evolution of Kenya’s Road Network since the 1950s using Historical and Contemporary Road Datasets, pages 605–612
• An Automated Recognition Framework for Surface Deterioration Features of Stone Sculptural Artifacts in the Yungang Grottoes Based on Deep Learning, pages 703–709

Deep learning

• Multi-Sensor Spatial Data Fusion for Road Condition Monitoring Digital Twins, pages 521–528

Deep learning-based road condition assessment

• Integrating Road Surface Condition Data into OpenDRIVE Models for Autonomous Vehicle Simulations, pages 433–438

Demography

• Spatiotemporal Data Management for subnational Census Data on global Scale, pages 591–596

Depth map

• Automatic Line Drawing Generation for Grotto Wall Surfaces Based on Depth Map and Normal Map Fusion, pages 729–735

Deterioration Features

• An Automated Recognition Framework for Surface Deterioration Features of Stone Sculptural Artifacts in the Yungang Grottoes Based on Deep Learning, pages 703–709

Development

• Analysing the Evolution of Kenya’s Road Network since the 1950s using Historical and Contemporary Road Datasets, pages 605–612

Digital Heritage

• HBIM of the Galleria Grande in the Reggia di Venaria Reale: A Scan–to–BIM Workflow towards Digital Twin Integration, pages 249–256

Digital Maps

• Road Change Detection for Map Updating Using Geometric Boundary Deviation Between Digital Maps and Aerial Segmentation Results, pages 159–165

Digital Twin

• GeoGraphJSON: A lightweight semantic data model integrating spatial geometry and graph connectivity for AI-Driven spatial reasoning, pages 3–10
• HBIM of the Galleria Grande in the Reggia di Venaria Reale: A Scan–to–BIM Workflow towards Digital Twin Integration, pages 249–256
• A BIM-Driven Hybrid Wi-Fi/BLE Indoor Positioning Framework for Real-Time 3D Localization and Digital Twin Development, pages 353–360
• A Multi-Dimensional Digital Twin Framework for the Low-Altitude Economy, pages 391–397
• Vision-Language Models for Urban Digital Twins, pages 425–432
• An Environment-Aware Indoor-Outdoor Integrated Digital Twin for Healthy Mobility, pages 555–562
• 3D Point Cloud–Based Digital Twin Reconstruction and VR Immersive Visualization of Borobudur’s Hidden Foot Reliefs, pages 775–780

Digital Twins for Mobility

• Wind field risk aware Global Path Planning and Trajectory Optimization in Urban Low-altitude Environments, pages 453–462

Digital twin

• Multi-Sensor Spatial Data Fusion for Road Condition Monitoring Digital Twins, pages 521–528

Disaster Mapping

• Mapping Natural Disasters Using Social Media Posts with an Encoder-Decoder Model, pages 637–642

Disease Forecasting

• Spatio-temporal Modelling of H5N1 Avian Influenza Outbreaks in Europe (2021-2024), pages 549–554

Distribution Services

• Analysis of the Current Situation and Research on Countermeasures of National Fundamental Surveying and Mapping Achievements Services, pages 257–262

Docking Station Selection

• 3D Geodata Based Optimization of UAV Docking Stations in Mountainous Areas for Emergency Response, pages 399–406

Domain Knowledge Graph

• KG-MS-ResNet: A Knowledge-Guided Multi-Scale Attention Residual Network for Cultivated Land Change Monitoring, pages 211–216

Drought

• GRACE-Based Long-Term Terrestrial Water Storage Decline in the Susurluk Basin, Türkiye, pages 613–618

Dynamic triggering factors

• Dynamic Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Machine Learning Models, pages 175–184

data integration

• Towards a Digital Twin infrastructure for landslides: users and data requirements, pages 485–491

data matching

• From Orthophotos to Building Footprints over a decade: Model Inference-Based Approach for Urban Densification Analysis in Iași, Romania, pages 25–33

decision making

• Towards evaluating the effects of visualization and task types on urban planning decisions, pages 289–297

digital twin

• Towards a Digital Twin infrastructure for landslides: users and data requirements, pages 485–491

domain adaptation

• Monocular Depth Estimation from UAV Images for 3D Documentation of Architectural Heritage: A Depth Anything V2-Based Approach, pages 679–686

driver training

• Driver training in immersive virtual reality (VR) and transfer to the real world: A feasibility study on learning how to drive a truck in VR, pages 281–288

E

EGMS

• Linking Persistent Scatterers with Urban Features Using LoD2 Building Models, pages 97–102

ETL

• Shadow Geometric Analysis Utilising CityGML Models and FME, pages 19–24

Early Modern Era

• Shaping the Colonial Port cities: Trade Network and Spatial Structure in the Early modern period, pages 185–193

Earth Observation

• Unsupervised Mapping of Flood-prone Areas in Ghana Using Sentinel-1 Time-Series, pages 89–96

Ecuadorian Amazon

• Ecuadorian Amazon Deforestation Hotspots Due to Oil Infrastructure Development in the 21^st Century, pages 597–603

Elderly

• Modeling Dynamic Walkability to Support Time-Based Route Planning for Older Adults, pages 569–576

Elevation Mask

• Optimization of Satellite Antenna Placement at a Ground Control Station using UAV LiDAR Data, pages 275–280

Emergency Response

• 3D Geodata Based Optimization of UAV Docking Stations in Mountainous Areas for Emergency Response, pages 399–406

Encoder-Decoder

• Mapping Natural Disasters Using Social Media Posts with an Encoder-Decoder Model, pages 637–642

Endemic–epidemic Model

• Spatio-temporal Modelling of H5N1 Avian Influenza Outbreaks in Europe (2021-2024), pages 549–554

Environment

• USFGeoAI: Applying LLMs and Foundation Models to Assist in Image Retrieval, pages 125–132

Environmental Evaluation

• Developing BIM-Based Data Analytics Dashboards for Sustainable Construction and Demolition Waste Management and Environmental Evaluation, pages 471–476

Environmental Sensing

• A Multi-Dimensional Digital Twin Framework for the Low-Altitude Economy, pages 391–397

Explainable AI

• Dynamic Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Machine Learning Models, pages 175–184

edge-highlighting visualization

• Adaptive PCA-Scale Optimization for Edge Extraction from 3D Scanned Cultural Heritage Point Clouds, pages 759–765

empirical feasibility study

• Driver training in immersive virtual reality (VR) and transfer to the real world: A feasibility study on learning how to drive a truck in VR, pages 281–288

extended reality

• Driver training in immersive virtual reality (VR) and transfer to the real world: A feasibility study on learning how to drive a truck in VR, pages 281–288

F

FOSS4G

• Digital Detectives of Environment Tackling Cigarette Butt Pollution, pages 337–343

Feature Set Construction

• Research on Hyperspectral-Based Feature Set Construction and Machine Learning Inversion for Mixed Salts Characteristics in Murals, pages 695–702

Feature enhanced visualization

• Feature-Enhanced Visualization of 3D Point Clouds of Cultural Heritage in Transparent Virtual Reality, pages 753–758

Feature extraction

• High-Precision Registration of Grotto Point Clouds Using Multi-Source Data Fusion, pages 687–693

Federated data access

• Interoperable Federated Access to Multi-Vendor Wearables for Postpartum Well-being Support: A Standards-Based Architecture for MAMAI, pages 539–547

Field surveying

• A Study on the Digital Reconstruction of the Foundation Platform of the Diji Altar and its Application in Restoration Practice, pages 721–727

Flood

• Unsupervised Mapping of Flood-prone Areas in Ghana Using Sentinel-1 Time-Series, pages 89–96

Fundamental Surveying and Mapping

• Analysis of the Current Situation and Research on Countermeasures of National Fundamental Surveying and Mapping Achievements Services, pages 257–262

feature matching

• Using textureless, low-detailed 3D city models for visual localization, pages 407–416

fine-tuning

• Monocular Depth Estimation from UAV Images for 3D Documentation of Architectural Heritage: A Depth Anything V2-Based Approach, pages 679–686

G

GIS

• Bridging Human Intent and Geospatial Services: A Conceptual Framework and Feasibility Study for Text2GeoAPI, pages 119–123
• USFGeoAI: Applying LLMs and Foundation Models to Assist in Image Retrieval, pages 125–132

GIS Operations

• Towards the Development of a Metadata-driven Usability Awareness Prototype for Interoperable GIS Operation Design, pages 49–56

GNSS

• Improving GNSS Performances in Location-Based Services through Synthetic Carrier-Phase Measurements, pages 377–382

Gap-filling

• Improving Sentinel-5P Imagery Usability Through Machine Learning Gap-Filling, pages 195–202

Gaussian Process Regression

• Research on Hyperspectral-Based Feature Set Construction and Machine Learning Inversion for Mixed Salts Characteristics in Murals, pages 695–702

Gaussian Splatting

• Bridging Semantic Mesh, CityGML, and Gaussian Splatting for Urban Modelling and Visualization, pages 81–88

Generative AI

• USFGeoAI: Applying LLMs and Foundation Models to Assist in Image Retrieval, pages 125–132

Generative Adversarial

• A Generative Adversarial Network Framework for Vertiport Location: A Case Study in Toronto, pages 307–313

GeoAI

• GeoGraphJSON: A lightweight semantic data model integrating spatial geometry and graph connectivity for AI-Driven spatial reasoning, pages 3–10
• USFGeoAI: Applying LLMs and Foundation Models to Assist in Image Retrieval, pages 125–132
• High-resolution land cover mapping with GeoAI: instance segmentation for land cover analysis, pages 133–141
• Ring-based Spatial Transformer: Learning Non-linear Spatial Interactions between Building Distribution and Pedestrian Flow, pages 315–322

GeoGraphJSON

• GeoGraphJSON: A lightweight semantic data model integrating spatial geometry and graph connectivity for AI-Driven spatial reasoning, pages 3–10

Geographic Information System

• A Generative Adversarial Network Framework for Vertiport Location: A Case Study in Toronto, pages 307–313

Geographic information security

• Research on Strengthen the Supervision and Administration of Geographic Information Security and Data Governance, pages 243–248

Geographic knowledge graph

• A geographic knowledge integrated computation framework based on grid graph modelling, pages 585–590

Geographic knowledge representation

• A geographic knowledge integrated computation framework based on grid graph modelling, pages 585–590

Geometric Boundary Deviation

• Road Change Detection for Map Updating Using Geometric Boundary Deviation Between Digital Maps and Aerial Segmentation Results, pages 159–165

Geometry-Physics Coupling

• An Environment-Aware Indoor-Outdoor Integrated Digital Twin for Healthy Mobility, pages 555–562

Geoparsing

• Mapping Natural Disasters Using Social Media Posts with an Encoder-Decoder Model, pages 637–642

Geospatial Data

• USFGeoAI: Applying LLMs and Foundation Models to Assist in Image Retrieval, pages 125–132

Geospatial Health

• Spatio-temporal Modelling of H5N1 Avian Influenza Outbreaks in Europe (2021-2024), pages 549–554

Geospatial Infrastructure

• A Multi-Dimensional Digital Twin Framework for the Low-Altitude Economy, pages 391–397

Geospatial Visualization

• Chat2Map: A ReAct-based Agent Framework for Automated Web Map Generation from Natural Language Instructions, pages 203–209

Ghana

• Unsupervised Mapping of Flood-prone Areas in Ghana Using Sentinel-1 Time-Series, pages 89–96

Glimmer Imager for Urbanization

• Leveraging SDGSAT-1 data for exploring the interactions of nighttime lights and human settlement structure at high spatial resolution, pages 619–628

Global Human Settlement Layer

• Leveraging SDGSAT-1 data for exploring the interactions of nighttime lights and human settlement structure at high spatial resolution, pages 619–628

Global Mapping

• Spatiotemporal Data Management for subnational Census Data on global Scale, pages 591–596

Grace

• GRACE-Based Long-Term Terrestrial Water Storage Decline in the Susurluk Basin, Türkiye, pages 613–618

Graph Connectivity

• GeoGraphJSON: A lightweight semantic data model integrating spatial geometry and graph connectivity for AI-Driven spatial reasoning, pages 3–10

Greater Toronto Area

• Zonology: An Ontology-Based Framework for Harmonizing Zoning Semantics Across Multi-Jurisdictional Greater Toronto Area (GTA) Planning Systems, pages 65–70

Green Deal

• Digital Detectives of Environment Tackling Cigarette Butt Pollution, pages 337–343

Grid computing

• A geographic knowledge integrated computation framework based on grid graph modelling, pages 585–590

Grotto wall surfaces

• Automatic Line Drawing Generation for Grotto Wall Surfaces Based on Depth Map and Normal Map Fusion, pages 729–735

geoportal

• Digital Tools for Interpretation of Reconstructed Mining Features. Project Digital Geopark Muskau Arch, pages 229–234

H

HBIM

• HBIM of the Galleria Grande in the Reggia di Venaria Reale: A Scan–to–BIM Workflow towards Digital Twin Integration, pages 249–256
• Toward IFC-Compatible HBIM Semantics for Component-Level Representation of Architectural Heritage, pages 711–720

HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modeling)

• An Integrated Geomatic and HBIM Workflow for the Digital Resurrection of Historical Sites, pages 577–583

HD map

• High-definition road map generation from mobile mapping data: a case study on the Tangenziale di Napoli, pages 361–367

HL7 FHIR

• Interoperable Federated Access to Multi-Vendor Wearables for Postpartum Well-being Support: A Standards-Based Architecture for MAMAI, pages 539–547

Health

• Modeling Dynamic Walkability to Support Time-Based Route Planning for Older Adults, pages 569–576

Heating and Cooling Demand

• Scenario-based energy simulation of tree planting strategies to reduce the heating and cooling demand of buildings under 2050 climate conditions, pages 513–520

Hierarchical Annotation

• Hierarchy-Aware Intent Recognition and Task-Oriented Text Generation for Non-Expert Satellite Instructions, pages 643–652

High-Definition maps (HD maps)

• Topological Analysis of OpenDRIVE Models for Advanced Autonomous Vehicle Simulations, pages 417–424

High-definition Maps

• A Comprehensive Toolkit for Semi-Automated HD Maps Production: Integrating AI-Driven Feature Extraction with 3D Interactive Validation and Editing, pages 369–375

High-resolution Earth Observation

• High-resolution land cover mapping with GeoAI: instance segmentation for land cover analysis, pages 133–141

High‑rise Green Exposure

• Quantifying Vertical Differences in Green Visibility in High‑Density Cities: A Voxel‑Based Analysis Method, pages 529–537

Historic Urban Area

• Analysis of Crowd Behaviour Intensity in Historic Urban Areas from the Perspective of Transportation Spatial Pattern: Case Study of Kunming, China, pages 331–336

Historic buildings

• A Study on the Digital Reconstruction of the Foundation Platform of the Diji Altar and its Application in Restoration Practice, pages 721–727

Historical Roads

• Analysing the Evolution of Kenya’s Road Network since the 1950s using Historical and Contemporary Road Datasets, pages 605–612

Historical document analysis

• A Study on the Digital Reconstruction of the Foundation Platform of the Diji Altar and its Application in Restoration Practice, pages 721–727

HoloLens 2

• Design and Implementation of an AR System for Real-Time Urban Model Editing and Visualization, pages 71–80

Hotspots

• Ecuadorian Amazon Deforestation Hotspots Due to Oil Infrastructure Development in the 21^st Century, pages 597–603

Human-in-the-loop Toolchain

• A Comprehensive Toolkit for Semi-Automated HD Maps Production: Integrating AI-Driven Feature Extraction with 3D Interactive Validation and Editing, pages 369–375

Hybrid Localization

• A BIM-Driven Hybrid Wi-Fi/BLE Indoor Positioning Framework for Real-Time 3D Localization and Digital Twin Development, pages 353–360

Hyperspectral

• Research on Hyperspectral-Based Feature Set Construction and Machine Learning Inversion for Mixed Salts Characteristics in Murals, pages 695–702
• Hyperspectral Analysis of Pigment Identification and Abundance Inversion in the Dome of China’s Yungang Grotto 7, pages 737–743

hazard management

• Towards a Digital Twin infrastructure for landslides: users and data requirements, pages 485–491

health policy

• Digital Detectives of Environment Tackling Cigarette Butt Pollution, pages 337–343

I

IFC

• Toward IFC-Compatible HBIM Semantics for Component-Level Representation of Architectural Heritage, pages 711–720

ISPRS Annals

• Preface: ISPRS Technical Commission IV (Spatial Information Science), pages 1–2

ISPRS Archives

• Preface: ISPRS Technical Commission IV (Spatial Information Science), pages 1–2

Image Clustering

• Artificial Intelligence for territorial interpretation: from image clustering to perceptual mapping, pages 11–18

Improved ICP

• High-Precision Registration of Grotto Point Clouds Using Multi-Source Data Fusion, pages 687–693

Indoor Positioning

• A BIM-Driven Hybrid Wi-Fi/BLE Indoor Positioning Framework for Real-Time 3D Localization and Digital Twin Development, pages 353–360

Indoor Scenes

• A Coarse-to-Fine Indoor Point Cloud Registration Method Guided by Prior Correspondences, pages 439–446

Indoor localization

• Lightweight Indoor Trajectory Localization via Multi-step Fusion of Wi-Fi Fingerprinting and PDR, pages 463–469

Indoor-Outdoor Integration

• An Environment-Aware Indoor-Outdoor Integrated Digital Twin for Healthy Mobility, pages 555–562

Inefficient urban land

• Assessing Residential Land Efficiency with Spatial–Contextual GMM and Human Activity Big Data: A Case Study of Shenzhen, pages 167–174

Infrastructure

• Analysing the Evolution of Kenya’s Road Network since the 1950s using Historical and Contemporary Road Datasets, pages 605–612

Instance segmentation

• High-resolution land cover mapping with GeoAI: instance segmentation for land cover analysis, pages 133–141

Intelligent Geospatial Services

• Bridging Human Intent and Geospatial Services: A Conceptual Framework and Feasibility Study for Text2GeoAPI, pages 119–123

Intelligent Remote Sensing Task Understanding

• Hierarchy-Aware Intent Recognition and Task-Oriented Text Generation for Non-Expert Satellite Instructions, pages 643–652

Intent Recognition

• Hierarchy-Aware Intent Recognition and Task-Oriented Text Generation for Non-Expert Satellite Instructions, pages 643–652

Interaction

• A Multi-Dimensional Digital Twin Framework for the Low-Altitude Economy, pages 391–397

Interactive virtual environment

• An Integrated Geomatic and HBIM Workflow for the Digital Resurrection of Historical Sites, pages 577–583

Interoperability

• A framework for enabling data sharing and accessibility in a transdisciplinary federated marine spatial infrastructure, pages 629–635
• Toward IFC-Compatible HBIM Semantics for Component-Level Representation of Architectural Heritage, pages 711–720

image classification

• Deep Learning-Based Underwater Mapping of Posidonia Oceanica from Satellite Data for Coastal Habitat Monitoring, pages 111–118

interactive representation

• An Integrated Geomatic and HBIM Workflow for the Digital Resurrection of Historical Sites, pages 577–583

K

K-4PCS

• High-Precision Registration of Grotto Point Clouds Using Multi-Source Data Fusion, pages 687–693

Kalman filter

• Lightweight Indoor Trajectory Localization via Multi-step Fusion of Wi-Fi Fingerprinting and PDR, pages 463–469

Kernel Density Estimation

• Ecuadorian Amazon Deforestation Hotspots Due to Oil Infrastructure Development in the 21^st Century, pages 597–603

Knowledge Graph

• A Knowledge Service System for Cultural Heritage Integrating Knowledge Graph and Semantic 3D Model, pages 745–752

Knowledge Service

• A Knowledge Service System for Cultural Heritage Integrating Knowledge Graph and Semantic 3D Model, pages 745–752

Knowledge Visualization and Retrieval

• A Spatiotemporal Knowledge Graph Construction and Management System, pages 103–109

Knowledge-Guided Multi-Scale Attention Residual Network (KG-MS-ResNet)

• KG-MS-ResNet: A Knowledge-Guided Multi-Scale Attention Residual Network for Cultivated Land Change Monitoring, pages 211–216

kinematic analysis

• Kinematic Characteristics and Risk Analysis of Potential Rockfall based on 3D Point Clouds, pages 223–228

L

LOD4 Semantic Modeling

• An Environment-Aware Indoor-Outdoor Integrated Digital Twin for Healthy Mobility, pages 555–562

Land use regulation

• Zonology: An Ontology-Based Framework for Harmonizing Zoning Semantics Across Multi-Jurisdictional Greater Toronto Area (GTA) Planning Systems, pages 65–70

Land-cover mapping

• High-resolution land cover mapping with GeoAI: instance segmentation for land cover analysis, pages 133–141

Landscape Interpretation

• Artificial Intelligence for territorial interpretation: from image clustering to perceptual mapping, pages 11–18

Landslide susceptibility

• Dynamic Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Machine Learning Models, pages 175–184

Large Language Models

• Chat2Map: A ReAct-based Agent Framework for Automated Web Map Generation from Natural Language Instructions, pages 203–209

Large Language Models (LLM)

• A BIM and LLM Framework for Automated Construction and Demolition Waste Management, pages 507–512

Large Language Models (LLMs)

• Leveraging Large Language Models for Automated Assessment and Mapping in Participatory Urban Planning, pages 671–678

Laser scanning

• Automatic surface extraction and web visualization workflow for large laser scanner point clouds with open-source solutions, pages 493–499

Level of Detail

• A five-level LoD concept for modelling of Buddhist statues in 3D with semantic information, pages 767–773
• 3D Point Cloud–Based Digital Twin Reconstruction and VR Immersive Visualization of Borobudur’s Hidden Foot Reliefs, pages 775–780

LiDAR

• Optimization of Satellite Antenna Placement at a Ground Control Station using UAV LiDAR Data, pages 275–280
• High-definition road map generation from mobile mapping data: a case study on the Tangenziale di Napoli, pages 361–367

Lightweight Equipment

• A Lightweight Mobile Monitoring System for Detection of Small-Scale Road Debris, pages 345–351

Line drawing

• Automatic Line Drawing Generation for Grotto Wall Surfaces Based on Depth Map and Normal Map Fusion, pages 729–735

LoD2 building models

• Linking Persistent Scatterers with Urban Features Using LoD2 Building Models, pages 97–102

Low-Altitude Economy

• A Low-Altitude Data Space Framework Based on China’s National 3D Mapping Program, pages 383–389
• A Multi-Dimensional Digital Twin Framework for the Low-Altitude Economy, pages 391–397

landslides

• Towards a Digital Twin infrastructure for landslides: users and data requirements, pages 485–491

large language model (LLM)

• Bridging Human Intent and Geospatial Services: A Conceptual Framework and Feasibility Study for Text2GeoAPI, pages 119–123

M

MMS

• High-definition road map generation from mobile mapping data: a case study on the Tangenziale di Napoli, pages 361–367

Machine Learning

• Improving Sentinel-5P Imagery Usability Through Machine Learning Gap-Filling, pages 195–202

Map Updating

• Road Change Detection for Map Updating Using Geometric Boundary Deviation Between Digital Maps and Aerial Segmentation Results, pages 159–165

Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure

• A framework for enabling data sharing and accessibility in a transdisciplinary federated marine spatial infrastructure, pages 629–635

Maritime trade

• Shaping the Colonial Port cities: Trade Network and Spatial Structure in the Early modern period, pages 185–193

Maternal digital health

• Interoperable Federated Access to Multi-Vendor Wearables for Postpartum Well-being Support: A Standards-Based Architecture for MAMAI, pages 539–547

Mesh model

• Automatic Line Drawing Generation for Grotto Wall Surfaces Based on Depth Map and Normal Map Fusion, pages 729–735

Metadata

• Towards the Development of a Metadata-driven Usability Awareness Prototype for Interoperable GIS Operation Design, pages 49–56

Microsoft Building Footprints

• Integrating Microsoft Building Footprints and OpenStreetMap to Improve Building Representation, pages 41–47

Mixed Salts

• Research on Hyperspectral-Based Feature Set Construction and Machine Learning Inversion for Mixed Salts Characteristics in Murals, pages 695–702

Mobile Laser Scanning

• A Framework for Integrating and Managing Heterogeneous 3D Geospatial Data in Urban Digital Twins, pages 57–64
• A Comprehensive Toolkit for Semi-Automated HD Maps Production: Integrating AI-Driven Feature Extraction with 3D Interactive Validation and Editing, pages 369–375

Mobile Monitoring

• A Lightweight Mobile Monitoring System for Detection of Small-Scale Road Debris, pages 345–351

Mobile Sensing

• An Environment-Aware Indoor-Outdoor Integrated Digital Twin for Healthy Mobility, pages 555–562

Mobile signaling data

• Assessing Residential Land Efficiency with Spatial–Contextual GMM and Human Activity Big Data: A Case Study of Shenzhen, pages 167–174

Monocular depth estimation

• Monocular Depth Estimation from UAV Images for 3D Documentation of Architectural Heritage: A Depth Anything V2-Based Approach, pages 679–686

Multi-Agent Evaluation

• Artificial Intelligence for territorial interpretation: from image clustering to perceptual mapping, pages 11–18

Multi-Agent Systems (MAS)

• A Conversational Multi-Agent Platform for BIM Data Intelligence, pages 501–506

Multi-modal Language Models

• Vision-Language Models for Urban Digital Twins, pages 425–432

Multi-sensor data

• Multi-Sensor Spatial Data Fusion for Road Condition Monitoring Digital Twins, pages 521–528

Multi-source data fusion

• High-Precision Registration of Grotto Point Clouds Using Multi-Source Data Fusion, pages 687–693

Multi-source spatial data

• Assessing Residential Land Efficiency with Spatial–Contextual GMM and Human Activity Big Data: A Case Study of Shenzhen, pages 167–174

Multimodal

• Understanding Public Experiences of Urban Greenspace: A Novel Data-driven Multimodal Method based on Online Review Data and Natural Language Processing, pages 661–669

Multiple Geometric Information

• A Coarse-to-Fine Indoor Point Cloud Registration Method Guided by Prior Correspondences, pages 439–446

Multiple Ring Buffers

• Ring-based Spatial Transformer: Learning Non-linear Spatial Interactions between Building Distribution and Pedestrian Flow, pages 315–322

Mural

• Research on Hyperspectral-Based Feature Set Construction and Machine Learning Inversion for Mixed Salts Characteristics in Murals, pages 695–702

machine learning

• Improving GNSS Performances in Location-Based Services through Synthetic Carrier-Phase Measurements, pages 377–382

movement data

• Spatiotemporal uncertainty of movement data in unstructured geographic areas: Approaches to generate possibility spaces from ship movements, pages 299–306

N

Natural Language Interaction

• A Conversational Multi-Agent Platform for BIM Data Intelligence, pages 501–506

Natural Language Processing

• Mapping Natural Disasters Using Social Media Posts with an Encoder-Decoder Model, pages 637–642

Natural language processing

• Understanding Public Experiences of Urban Greenspace: A Novel Data-driven Multimodal Method based on Online Review Data and Natural Language Processing, pages 661–669

Negative Sample

• Hierarchy-Aware Intent Recognition and Task-Oriented Text Generation for Non-Expert Satellite Instructions, pages 643–652

Nighttime light data compositing

• Leveraging SDGSAT-1 data for exploring the interactions of nighttime lights and human settlement structure at high spatial resolution, pages 619–628

Normal map

• Automatic Line Drawing Generation for Grotto Wall Surfaces Based on Depth Map and Normal Map Fusion, pages 729–735

named entity recognition

• Towards Visualizing Oceanographic Bibliometric Data Across Canada, pages 653–659

O

OGC SensorThings API

• Interoperable Federated Access to Multi-Vendor Wearables for Postpartum Well-being Support: A Standards-Based Architecture for MAMAI, pages 539–547

OWL

• Zonology: An Ontology-Based Framework for Harmonizing Zoning Semantics Across Multi-Jurisdictional Greater Toronto Area (GTA) Planning Systems, pages 65–70

Object Detection

• A Lightweight Mobile Monitoring System for Detection of Small-Scale Road Debris, pages 345–351

Oblique 3D

• Towards evaluating the effects of visualization and task types on urban planning decisions, pages 289–297

Ocean

• A framework for enabling data sharing and accessibility in a transdisciplinary federated marine spatial infrastructure, pages 629–635

Oilfields

• Ecuadorian Amazon Deforestation Hotspots Due to Oil Infrastructure Development in the 21^st Century, pages 597–603

Online review

• Understanding Public Experiences of Urban Greenspace: A Novel Data-driven Multimodal Method based on Online Review Data and Natural Language Processing, pages 661–669

Open Data

• Open Data for large-scale geospecific 3D Simulation for Security Applications - A Case Study, pages 477–484

OpenAlex

• Towards Visualizing Oceanographic Bibliometric Data Across Canada, pages 653–659

OpenDRIVE

• High-definition road map generation from mobile mapping data: a case study on the Tangenziale di Napoli, pages 361–367
• Topological Analysis of OpenDRIVE Models for Advanced Autonomous Vehicle Simulations, pages 417–424
• Integrating Road Surface Condition Data into OpenDRIVE Models for Autonomous Vehicle Simulations, pages 433–438

OpenStreetMap

• Integrating Microsoft Building Footprints and OpenStreetMap to Improve Building Representation, pages 41–47
• Automated Geometric Correction of OpenStreetMap Buildings via Context- and Boundary-Aware Segmentation, pages 151–157

Outdoor Image Analysis

• Benchmarking and assessment of image-based methods for particulate matter estimation: The AQpictures project, pages 563–568

ocean science

• Towards Visualizing Oceanographic Bibliometric Data Across Canada, pages 653–659

open source

• Automatic surface extraction and web visualization workflow for large laser scanner point clouds with open-source solutions, pages 493–499

P

PCA

• Adaptive PCA-Scale Optimization for Edge Extraction from 3D Scanned Cultural Heritage Point Clouds, pages 759–765

PM2.5

• Benchmarking and assessment of image-based methods for particulate matter estimation: The AQpictures project, pages 563–568

POI

• Integrating Point of Interest and BERT to identify potentially contaminating Enterprises in Datong City, pages 35–40

PPGIS

• Leveraging Large Language Models for Automated Assessment and Mapping in Participatory Urban Planning, pages 671–678

PSI

• Linking Persistent Scatterers with Urban Features Using LoD2 Building Models, pages 97–102

Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning

• Hierarchy-Aware Intent Recognition and Task-Oriented Text Generation for Non-Expert Satellite Instructions, pages 643–652

Pavement condition monitoring

• Multi-Sensor Spatial Data Fusion for Road Condition Monitoring Digital Twins, pages 521–528

Pavement defect mapping

• Integrating Road Surface Condition Data into OpenDRIVE Models for Autonomous Vehicle Simulations, pages 433–438

Pedestrian

• Modeling Dynamic Walkability to Support Time-Based Route Planning for Older Adults, pages 569–576

Pedestrian Flow

• Ring-based Spatial Transformer: Learning Non-linear Spatial Interactions between Building Distribution and Pedestrian Flow, pages 315–322

Petroleum Exploration

• Ecuadorian Amazon Deforestation Hotspots Due to Oil Infrastructure Development in the 21^st Century, pages 597–603

Photogrammetry

• Bridging Semantic Mesh, CityGML, and Gaussian Splatting for Urban Modelling and Visualization, pages 81–88

Po Valley

• Improving Sentinel-5P Imagery Usability Through Machine Learning Gap-Filling, pages 195–202

Point Cloud

• Point Cloud Data Management for Cross-Domain Applications, pages 263–268
• Optimization of Satellite Antenna Placement at a Ground Control Station using UAV LiDAR Data, pages 275–280

Point Cloud Registration

• A Coarse-to-Fine Indoor Point Cloud Registration Method Guided by Prior Correspondences, pages 439–446

Point cloud

• Automatic surface extraction and web visualization workflow for large laser scanner point clouds with open-source solutions, pages 493–499

Point cloud registration

• High-Precision Registration of Grotto Point Clouds Using Multi-Source Data Fusion, pages 687–693

PointNeXt

• Boundary Cues for Improved 3D Semantic Segmentation, pages 143–150

Polluting industries

• Integrating Point of Interest and BERT to identify potentially contaminating Enterprises in Datong City, pages 35–40

Population Census

• Spatiotemporal Data Management for subnational Census Data on global Scale, pages 591–596

Posidonia Oceanica

• Deep Learning-Based Underwater Mapping of Posidonia Oceanica from Satellite Data for Coastal Habitat Monitoring, pages 111–118

Preventive conservation

• HBIM of the Galleria Grande in the Reggia di Venaria Reale: A Scan–to–BIM Workflow towards Digital Twin Integration, pages 249–256

Proceedings

• Preface: ISPRS Technical Commission IV (Spatial Information Science), pages 1–2

Protected Areas

• Ecuadorian Amazon Deforestation Hotspots Due to Oil Infrastructure Development in the 21^st Century, pages 597–603

Public Surveying and Mapping Achievements

• Analysis of the Current Situation and Research on Countermeasures of National Fundamental Surveying and Mapping Achievements Services, pages 257–262

path planning

• Spatiotemporal uncertainty of movement data in unstructured geographic areas: Approaches to generate possibility spaces from ship movements, pages 299–306

pedestrian dead reckoning

• Lightweight Indoor Trajectory Localization via Multi-step Fusion of Wi-Fi Fingerprinting and PDR, pages 463–469

photogrammetry

• Monocular Depth Estimation from UAV Images for 3D Documentation of Architectural Heritage: A Depth Anything V2-Based Approach, pages 679–686

post-mining heritage

• Digital Tools for Interpretation of Reconstructed Mining Features. Project Digital Geopark Muskau Arch, pages 229–234

Q

Quality

• Integrating Microsoft Building Footprints and OpenStreetMap to Improve Building Representation, pages 41–47

Quality evolution

• Discussion on Quality Model and Evaluation Methodology for WMS, pages 235–242

Quality model

• Discussion on Quality Model and Evaluation Methodology for WMS, pages 235–242

Quantitative Approach

• Analysis of Crowd Behaviour Intensity in Historic Urban Areas from the Perspective of Transportation Spatial Pattern: Case Study of Kunming, China, pages 331–336

R

Raster Data Management

• Organizing temporally vague Raster Data in Cloud Environments for machine-learning Applications, pages 269–274

ReAct Agent

• Chat2Map: A ReAct-based Agent Framework for Automated Web Map Generation from Natural Language Instructions, pages 203–209

Real-Time Visualization

• Design and Implementation of an AR System for Real-Time Urban Model Editing and Visualization, pages 71–80

Remote Sensing Change Monitoring

• KG-MS-ResNet: A Knowledge-Guided Multi-Scale Attention Residual Network for Cultivated Land Change Monitoring, pages 211–216

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)

• A BIM and LLM Framework for Automated Construction and Demolition Waste Management, pages 507–512

Road Change Detection

• Road Change Detection for Map Updating Using Geometric Boundary Deviation Between Digital Maps and Aerial Segmentation Results, pages 159–165

Road network modeling

• Topological Analysis of OpenDRIVE Models for Advanced Autonomous Vehicle Simulations, pages 417–424

reproducible research

• Digital Detectives of Environment Tackling Cigarette Butt Pollution, pages 337–343

requirement analysis

• Towards a Digital Twin infrastructure for landslides: users and data requirements, pages 485–491

research location extraction

• Towards Visualizing Oceanographic Bibliometric Data Across Canada, pages 653–659

rock characterisation

• Kinematic Characteristics and Risk Analysis of Potential Rockfall based on 3D Point Clouds, pages 223–228

rockfall source identification

• Kinematic Characteristics and Risk Analysis of Potential Rockfall based on 3D Point Clouds, pages 223–228

rockfall trajectory

• Kinematic Characteristics and Risk Analysis of Potential Rockfall based on 3D Point Clouds, pages 223–228

S

S3DIS

• Boundary Cues for Improved 3D Semantic Segmentation, pages 143–150

SAM 2

• Automated Geometric Correction of OpenStreetMap Buildings via Context- and Boundary-Aware Segmentation, pages 151–157

SDGs

• Spatiotemporal Data Management for subnational Census Data on global Scale, pages 591–596

Satellite Mission Planning

• Optimization of Satellite Antenna Placement at a Ground Control Station using UAV LiDAR Data, pages 275–280

Scan–to–BIM

• HBIM of the Galleria Grande in the Reggia di Venaria Reale: A Scan–to–BIM Workflow towards Digital Twin Integration, pages 249–256

SegFormer

• Automated Geometric Correction of OpenStreetMap Buildings via Context- and Boundary-Aware Segmentation, pages 151–157

Semantic 3D Model

• A Knowledge Service System for Cultural Heritage Integrating Knowledge Graph and Semantic 3D Model, pages 745–752

Semantic Fusion

• KG-MS-ResNet: A Knowledge-Guided Multi-Scale Attention Residual Network for Cultivated Land Change Monitoring, pages 211–216

Semantic Mesh

• Bridging Semantic Mesh, CityGML, and Gaussian Splatting for Urban Modelling and Visualization, pages 81–88

Semantic Modelling

• Toward IFC-Compatible HBIM Semantics for Component-Level Representation of Architectural Heritage, pages 711–720

Semantic Scene Understanding

• Vision-Language Models for Urban Digital Twins, pages 425–432

Semantic Segmentation

• Boundary Cues for Improved 3D Semantic Segmentation, pages 143–150
• 3D Point Cloud–Based Digital Twin Reconstruction and VR Immersive Visualization of Borobudur’s Hidden Foot Reliefs, pages 775–780

Semantic Standardization

• Toward IFC-Compatible HBIM Semantics for Component-Level Representation of Architectural Heritage, pages 711–720

Semantic and Geometric Reasoning

• A Conversational Multi-Agent Platform for BIM Data Intelligence, pages 501–506

Semantic interoperability

• Zonology: An Ontology-Based Framework for Harmonizing Zoning Semantics Across Multi-Jurisdictional Greater Toronto Area (GTA) Planning Systems, pages 65–70

Semantic modelling

• A five-level LoD concept for modelling of Buddhist statues in 3D with semantic information, pages 767–773

Semi-automatic Algorithm

• A Comprehensive Toolkit for Semi-Automated HD Maps Production: Integrating AI-Driven Feature Extraction with 3D Interactive Validation and Editing, pages 369–375

Sentinel 5P

• Improving Sentinel-5P Imagery Usability Through Machine Learning Gap-Filling, pages 195–202

Serious Gaming

• Open Data for large-scale geospecific 3D Simulation for Security Applications - A Case Study, pages 477–484

Sidewalk

• Modeling Dynamic Walkability to Support Time-Based Route Planning for Older Adults, pages 569–576

SimStadt

• Scenario-based energy simulation of tree planting strategies to reduce the heating and cooling demand of buildings under 2050 climate conditions, pages 513–520

Small Debris

• A Lightweight Mobile Monitoring System for Detection of Small-Scale Road Debris, pages 345–351

Sovereign Cloud

• Organizing temporally vague Raster Data in Cloud Environments for machine-learning Applications, pages 269–274

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts Model

• A Coarse-to-Fine Indoor Point Cloud Registration Method Guided by Prior Correspondences, pages 439–446

Spatial Data Model

• GeoGraphJSON: A lightweight semantic data model integrating spatial geometry and graph connectivity for AI-Driven spatial reasoning, pages 3–10

Spatial Database

• A Framework for Integrating and Managing Heterogeneous 3D Geospatial Data in Urban Digital Twins, pages 57–64

Spatial Epidemiology

• Spatio-temporal Modelling of H5N1 Avian Influenza Outbreaks in Europe (2021-2024), pages 549–554

Spatial Inequality

• Who Can Reach What? Travel-Time-Based Accessibility and Urban Inequality in Los Ángeles, Chile, pages 323–329

Spatial Information Science

• Preface: ISPRS Technical Commission IV (Spatial Information Science), pages 1–2

Spatial Openness

• Quantifying Vertical Differences in Green Visibility in High‑Density Cities: A Voxel‑Based Analysis Method, pages 529–537

Spatial Transformer

• Ring-based Spatial Transformer: Learning Non-linear Spatial Interactions between Building Distribution and Pedestrian Flow, pages 315–322

Spatial cross-validation

• Dynamic Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Machine Learning Models, pages 175–184

Spatio-Temporal Computing

• A Low-Altitude Data Space Framework Based on China’s National 3D Mapping Program, pages 383–389

Spatio-Temporal Data Management

• Organizing temporally vague Raster Data in Cloud Environments for machine-learning Applications, pages 269–274

Spatio-temporal Modelling

• Spatio-temporal Modelling of H5N1 Avian Influenza Outbreaks in Europe (2021-2024), pages 549–554

Spatio-temporal reasoning

• A geographic knowledge integrated computation framework based on grid graph modelling, pages 585–590

Spatiotemporal Data Management

• Spatiotemporal Data Management for subnational Census Data on global Scale, pages 591–596

Spatiotemporal Knowledge Construction

• A Spatiotemporal Knowledge Graph Construction and Management System, pages 103–109

Spatiotemporal Knowledge Extraction and Alignment

• A Spatiotemporal Knowledge Graph Construction and Management System, pages 103–109

Spatiotemporal Knowledge Graph

• A Spatiotemporal Knowledge Graph Construction and Management System, pages 103–109

Spatiotemporal Knowledge Review and Quality assessment

• A Spatiotemporal Knowledge Graph Construction and Management System, pages 103–109

Spectral Unmixing

• Hyperspectral Analysis of Pigment Identification and Abundance Inversion in the Dome of China’s Yungang Grotto 7, pages 737–743

Standards

• A framework for enabling data sharing and accessibility in a transdisciplinary federated marine spatial infrastructure, pages 629–635

Stone Sculptural Artifacts

• An Automated Recognition Framework for Surface Deterioration Features of Stone Sculptural Artifacts in the Yungang Grottoes Based on Deep Learning, pages 703–709

Sub-Saharan Africa

• Analysing the Evolution of Kenya’s Road Network since the 1950s using Historical and Contemporary Road Datasets, pages 605–612

Survey

• Automatic surface extraction and web visualization workflow for large laser scanner point clouds with open-source solutions, pages 493–499

Surveying and Mapping Achievements

• Analysis of the Current Situation and Research on Countermeasures of National Fundamental Surveying and Mapping Achievements Services, pages 257–262

Sustainable Development Goals

• Leveraging SDGSAT-1 data for exploring the interactions of nighttime lights and human settlement structure at high spatial resolution, pages 619–628

System Development

• A Lightweight Mobile Monitoring System for Detection of Small-Scale Road Debris, pages 345–351

satellite geometry

• Improving GNSS Performances in Location-Based Services through Synthetic Carrier-Phase Measurements, pages 377–382

segmentation

• High-definition road map generation from mobile mapping data: a case study on the Tangenziale di Napoli, pages 361–367

semantic segmentation

• From Orthophotos to Building Footprints over a decade: Model Inference-Based Approach for Urban Densification Analysis in Iași, Romania, pages 25–33
• Text-Guided Semantic Segmentation Method for Indoor 3D Point Clouds, pages 447–452

shadow analysis

• Shadow Geometric Analysis Utilising CityGML Models and FME, pages 19–24

signal gap bridging

• Improving GNSS Performances in Location-Based Services through Synthetic Carrier-Phase Measurements, pages 377–382

spatial analysis

• Shadow Geometric Analysis Utilising CityGML Models and FME, pages 19–24

spatial bibliometrics

• Towards Visualizing Oceanographic Bibliometric Data Across Canada, pages 653–659

surface extraction

• Automatic surface extraction and web visualization workflow for large laser scanner point clouds with open-source solutions, pages 493–499

T

TC IV

• Preface: ISPRS Technical Commission IV (Spatial Information Science), pages 1–2

Technology Readiness Level

• A Multi-Dimensional Digital Twin Framework for the Low-Altitude Economy, pages 391–397

Temporal Vagueness

• Organizing temporally vague Raster Data in Cloud Environments for machine-learning Applications, pages 269–274

Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS)

• GRACE-Based Long-Term Terrestrial Water Storage Decline in the Susurluk Basin, Türkiye, pages 613–618

Texture Mapping

• Open Data for large-scale geospecific 3D Simulation for Security Applications - A Case Study, pages 477–484

The Diji Altar

• A Study on the Digital Reconstruction of the Foundation Platform of the Diji Altar and its Application in Restoration Practice, pages 721–727

Three-Dimensional Data Space

• A Low-Altitude Data Space Framework Based on China’s National 3D Mapping Program, pages 383–389

Topographical Maps

• Analysing the Evolution of Kenya’s Road Network since the 1950s using Historical and Contemporary Road Datasets, pages 605–612

Topography

• Unsupervised Mapping of Flood-prone Areas in Ghana Using Sentinel-1 Time-Series, pages 89–96

Topological analysis

• Topological Analysis of OpenDRIVE Models for Advanced Autonomous Vehicle Simulations, pages 417–424

Toponym Detection

• Mapping Natural Disasters Using Social Media Posts with an Encoder-Decoder Model, pages 637–642

Trace Gases

• Improving Sentinel-5P Imagery Usability Through Machine Learning Gap-Filling, pages 195–202

Traffic Engineering

• A Lightweight Mobile Monitoring System for Detection of Small-Scale Road Debris, pages 345–351

Transparent visualization

• Feature-Enhanced Visualization of 3D Point Clouds of Cultural Heritage in Transparent Virtual Reality, pages 753–758

Transportation Modes

• Who Can Reach What? Travel-Time-Based Accessibility and Urban Inequality in Los Ángeles, Chile, pages 323–329

Transportation Spatial Pattern

• Analysis of Crowd Behaviour Intensity in Historic Urban Areas from the Perspective of Transportation Spatial Pattern: Case Study of Kunming, China, pages 331–336

Travel Time Analysis

• Who Can Reach What? Travel-Time-Based Accessibility and Urban Inequality in Los Ángeles, Chile, pages 323–329

Trend

• GRACE-Based Long-Term Terrestrial Water Storage Decline in the Susurluk Basin, Türkiye, pages 613–618

True orthoimage

• Automated Geometric Correction of OpenStreetMap Buildings via Context- and Boundary-Aware Segmentation, pages 151–157

text prototypes

• Text-Guided Semantic Segmentation Method for Indoor 3D Point Clouds, pages 447–452

transferability

• From Orthophotos to Building Footprints over a decade: Model Inference-Based Approach for Urban Densification Analysis in Iași, Romania, pages 25–33

U

UAV

• Bridging Semantic Mesh, CityGML, and Gaussian Splatting for Urban Modelling and Visualization, pages 81–88
• Optimization of Satellite Antenna Placement at a Ground Control Station using UAV LiDAR Data, pages 275–280
• 3D Geodata Based Optimization of UAV Docking Stations in Mountainous Areas for Emergency Response, pages 399–406
• Monocular Depth Estimation from UAV Images for 3D Documentation of Architectural Heritage: A Depth Anything V2-Based Approach, pages 679–686

Unmanned aerial vehicle

• Wind field risk aware Global Path Planning and Trajectory Optimization in Urban Low-altitude Environments, pages 453–462

Urban Air Mobility

• A Generative Adversarial Network Framework for Vertiport Location: A Case Study in Toronto, pages 307–313

Urban Analytics

• GeoGraphJSON: A lightweight semantic data model integrating spatial geometry and graph connectivity for AI-Driven spatial reasoning, pages 3–10

Urban Building Energy Modelling

• Scenario-based energy simulation of tree planting strategies to reduce the heating and cooling demand of buildings under 2050 climate conditions, pages 513–520

Urban Digital Twins

• A Framework for Integrating and Managing Heterogeneous 3D Geospatial Data in Urban Digital Twins, pages 57–64
• Linking Persistent Scatterers with Urban Features Using LoD2 Building Models, pages 97–102

Urban Mobility

• Who Can Reach What? Travel-Time-Based Accessibility and Urban Inequality in Los Ángeles, Chile, pages 323–329

Urban Planning

• Modeling Dynamic Walkability to Support Time-Based Route Planning for Older Adults, pages 569–576
• Leveraging Large Language Models for Automated Assessment and Mapping in Participatory Urban Planning, pages 671–678

Urban Sensing

• Vision-Language Models for Urban Digital Twins, pages 425–432

Urban experience

• Understanding Public Experiences of Urban Greenspace: A Novel Data-driven Multimodal Method based on Online Review Data and Natural Language Processing, pages 661–669

Urban form

• Shaping the Colonial Port cities: Trade Network and Spatial Structure in the Early modern period, pages 185–193

Urban green space

• Understanding Public Experiences of Urban Greenspace: A Novel Data-driven Multimodal Method based on Online Review Data and Natural Language Processing, pages 661–669

Urban low-altitude environment

• Wind field risk aware Global Path Planning and Trajectory Optimization in Urban Low-altitude Environments, pages 453–462

Urban network

• Shaping the Colonial Port cities: Trade Network and Spatial Structure in the Early modern period, pages 185–193

Urban planning

• Zonology: An Ontology-Based Framework for Harmonizing Zoning Semantics Across Multi-Jurisdictional Greater Toronto Area (GTA) Planning Systems, pages 65–70

Urban redevelopment

• Assessing Residential Land Efficiency with Spatial–Contextual GMM and Human Activity Big Data: A Case Study of Shenzhen, pages 167–174

Usability

• Towards the Development of a Metadata-driven Usability Awareness Prototype for Interoperable GIS Operation Design, pages 49–56

uncertainty

• Spatiotemporal uncertainty of movement data in unstructured geographic areas: Approaches to generate possibility spaces from ship movements, pages 299–306

underwater photogrammetry

• Deep Learning-Based Underwater Mapping of Posidonia Oceanica from Satellite Data for Coastal Habitat Monitoring, pages 111–118

unsupervised clustering

• Assessing Residential Land Efficiency with Spatial–Contextual GMM and Human Activity Big Data: A Case Study of Shenzhen, pages 167–174

urban densification

• From Orthophotos to Building Footprints over a decade: Model Inference-Based Approach for Urban Densification Analysis in Iași, Romania, pages 25–33

urban planning

• Towards evaluating the effects of visualization and task types on urban planning decisions, pages 289–297

V

VBS4

• Open Data for large-scale geospecific 3D Simulation for Security Applications - A Case Study, pages 477–484

Vector Geometry

• Investigating Array Programming for Spatial Operations with Vector Geometries, pages 217–222

Vectorization

• Investigating Array Programming for Spatial Operations with Vector Geometries, pages 217–222

Vegetation

• Scenario-based energy simulation of tree planting strategies to reduce the heating and cooling demand of buildings under 2050 climate conditions, pages 513–520

Vertical Green Visibility

• Quantifying Vertical Differences in Green Visibility in High‑Density Cities: A Voxel‑Based Analysis Method, pages 529–537

Vertiport Placement

• A Generative Adversarial Network Framework for Vertiport Location: A Case Study in Toronto, pages 307–313

Virtual Reality

• Feature-Enhanced Visualization of 3D Point Clouds of Cultural Heritage in Transparent Virtual Reality, pages 753–758
• 3D Point Cloud–Based Digital Twin Reconstruction and VR Immersive Visualization of Borobudur’s Hidden Foot Reliefs, pages 775–780

Visibility Analysis

• Optimization of Satellite Antenna Placement at a Ground Control Station using UAV LiDAR Data, pages 275–280

Vision-Language Model

• Vision-Language Models for Urban Digital Twins, pages 425–432

Vision-language model

• Understanding Public Experiences of Urban Greenspace: A Novel Data-driven Multimodal Method based on Online Review Data and Natural Language Processing, pages 661–669

Visual localization

• Using textureless, low-detailed 3D city models for visual localization, pages 407–416

Visualization

• Bridging Semantic Mesh, CityGML, and Gaussian Splatting for Urban Modelling and Visualization, pages 81–88
• Towards evaluating the effects of visualization and task types on urban planning decisions, pages 289–297

Voxel

• Quantifying Vertical Differences in Green Visibility in High‑Density Cities: A Voxel‑Based Analysis Method, pages 529–537

Voxelization

• A Framework for Integrating and Managing Heterogeneous 3D Geospatial Data in Urban Digital Twins, pages 57–64

virtual environments

• Driver training in immersive virtual reality (VR) and transfer to the real world: A feasibility study on learning how to drive a truck in VR, pages 281–288

virtual heritage

• An Integrated Geomatic and HBIM Workflow for the Digital Resurrection of Historical Sites, pages 577–583

virtual reality

• Driver training in immersive virtual reality (VR) and transfer to the real world: A feasibility study on learning how to drive a truck in VR, pages 281–288
• An Integrated Geomatic and HBIM Workflow for the Digital Resurrection of Historical Sites, pages 577–583

virtual tour

• Digital Tools for Interpretation of Reconstructed Mining Features. Project Digital Geopark Muskau Arch, pages 229–234

visualization

• Spatiotemporal uncertainty of movement data in unstructured geographic areas: Approaches to generate possibility spaces from ship movements, pages 299–306

W

Walkability

• Modeling Dynamic Walkability to Support Time-Based Route Planning for Older Adults, pages 569–576

Wearable interoperability

• Interoperable Federated Access to Multi-Vendor Wearables for Postpartum Well-being Support: A Standards-Based Architecture for MAMAI, pages 539–547

Web GIS

• Digital Detectives of Environment Tackling Cigarette Butt Pollution, pages 337–343

Web Map Services (WMS)

• Discussion on Quality Model and Evaluation Methodology for WMS, pages 235–242

WebGIS

• Chat2Map: A ReAct-based Agent Framework for Automated Web Map Generation from Natural Language Instructions, pages 203–209

WebGL

• Automatic surface extraction and web visualization workflow for large laser scanner point clouds with open-source solutions, pages 493–499

WebSocket

• Design and Implementation of an AR System for Real-Time Urban Model Editing and Visualization, pages 71–80

Wi-Fi

• A BIM-Driven Hybrid Wi-Fi/BLE Indoor Positioning Framework for Real-Time 3D Localization and Digital Twin Development, pages 353–360

Wi-Fi fingerprinting

• Lightweight Indoor Trajectory Localization via Multi-step Fusion of Wi-Fi Fingerprinting and PDR, pages 463–469

Wind field simulation

• Wind field risk aware Global Path Planning and Trajectory Optimization in Urban Low-altitude Environments, pages 453–462

Wind risk-aware path planning

• Wind field risk aware Global Path Planning and Trajectory Optimization in Urban Low-altitude Environments, pages 453–462

X

XXV ISPRS Congress

• Preface: ISPRS Technical Commission IV (Spatial Information Science), pages 1–2

Y

Yungang Grottoes

• An Automated Recognition Framework for Surface Deterioration Features of Stone Sculptural Artifacts in the Yungang Grottoes Based on Deep Learning, pages 703–709
• Hyperspectral Analysis of Pigment Identification and Abundance Inversion in the Dome of China’s Yungang Grotto 7, pages 737–743

Z

Zoning ontology

• Zonology: An Ontology-Based Framework for Harmonizing Zoning Semantics Across Multi-Jurisdictional Greater Toronto Area (GTA) Planning Systems, pages 65–70