3

3D

• 6326 Shades of Georeferencing BIM - Low distortion projections (LDP) for the German Railway, pages 47–53

3D City Models

• Improvement of three-dimensionalization method of roads and railroads in 3D Digital Japan Basic Map, pages 113–119

3D Geo-visualization

• An OGC API–Based Framework for Scalable and Interoperable Urban Digital Twin Ecosystems: Insights from the OGC Urban Digital Twins Interoperability Pilot, pages 135–140

3D Geoinformation

• 3DTiler: A tool to georeference 3D Models and generate 3D Tiles, pages 157–163

3D LAS

• Point Clouds for 3D Land Administration: Integrating Floor Plans and Nationwide Airborne LiDAR (AHN), pages 9–16

3D Map

• Improvement of three-dimensionalization method of roads and railroads in 3D Digital Japan Basic Map, pages 113–119

3D Modelling

• Point Clouds for 3D Land Administration: Integrating Floor Plans and Nationwide Airborne LiDAR (AHN), pages 9–16

3D River Mapping

• GNSS/LiDAR-SLAM with Depth Image-based Scan Matching for Waterborne Mobile Mapping, pages 121–126

3D buildings

• Incorporating 3D Building Data into National Spatial Data Infrastructure: Challenges and Insights from Slovenia, pages 165–170

3D city model

• Analysis of Building 3D Attribute Coverage and Spatial Disparity of Editing Activities in OpenStreetMap, pages 149–155

3D city models

• FlatCityBuf: A new cloud-optimised CityJSON format, pages 17–24
• Developing a Spatial-ID–BasedWeb API for Serving 3-D City-Model Attributes and Reviewing the Spatial ID Specification, pages 25–29
• Evaluating cooling and energy-saving potential of Vertical Greenery Systems based on 3D City Models: A case study of three cities, pages 91–97

3D indoor modelling

• Exploring Constructive Solid Geometry for Building Reconstruction from Point Clouds: Preliminary Results, pages 1–7

3D urban modelling

• From Point Cloud to 4D Thermal Model: Leveraging In-Situ Measurements from a Low-Cost Mobile Mapping System in Rabat, Morocco, pages 55–62

4

4D thermal model

• From Point Cloud to 4D Thermal Model: Leveraging In-Situ Measurements from a Low-Cost Mobile Mapping System in Rabat, Morocco, pages 55–62

A

ADE

• Storing quality validation results in CityGML with the QualityADE, pages 31–37

Artificial intelligence

• KCitychatBot: A knowledge graph based chatbot system for large-scale CityGML dataset, pages 99–105

as-built BIM

• Exploring Constructive Solid Geometry for Building Reconstruction from Point Clouds: Preliminary Results, pages 1–7

B

BIM

• 6326 Shades of Georeferencing BIM - Low distortion projections (LDP) for the German Railway, pages 47–53

BIM-GIS Integration

• An Evaluation of IFC-CityGML Unidirectional Conversion for Road and Transportation Models, pages 63–70

Building Energy Simulation

• A Lightweight Framework for Seamless Integration of Building Energy Simulations into Urban Digital Twins, pages 77–84

Building Height

• Predicting Building Height from Footprint and Urban Planning information for Digital Twin Generation, pages 107–112

building reconstruction

• Exploring Constructive Solid Geometry for Building Reconstruction from Point Clouds: Preliminary Results, pages 1–7

C

Chatbot

• KCitychatBot: A knowledge graph based chatbot system for large-scale CityGML dataset, pages 99–105

CityGML

• FlatCityBuf: A new cloud-optimised CityJSON format, pages 17–24
• Developing a Spatial-ID–BasedWeb API for Serving 3-D City-Model Attributes and Reviewing the Spatial ID Specification, pages 25–29
• Storing quality validation results in CityGML with the QualityADE, pages 31–37
• KCitychatBot: A knowledge graph based chatbot system for large-scale CityGML dataset, pages 99–105

CityGML Project PLATEAU

• A Perspective on the Standardization Process of 3D City Models in Japan: History of Geospatial Information Policy and Government Commitment to Standardization, pages 171–177

CityGML Transportation Model

• An Evaluation of IFC-CityGML Unidirectional Conversion for Road and Transportation Models, pages 63–70

CityJSON

• FlatCityBuf: A new cloud-optimised CityJSON format, pages 17–24
• A Lightweight Framework for Seamless Integration of Building Energy Simulations into Urban Digital Twins, pages 77–84

Cloud-optimised geospatial data

• FlatCityBuf: A new cloud-optimised CityJSON format, pages 17–24

Constrained Bundle Adjustment

• Mobile LiDAR Data and Imagery for Digital Twin Generation, pages 71–76

cadastre

• Incorporating 3D Building Data into National Spatial Data Infrastructure: Challenges and Insights from Slovenia, pages 165–170

challenges

• Incorporating 3D Building Data into National Spatial Data Infrastructure: Challenges and Insights from Slovenia, pages 165–170

D

Data Integration

• Adaptive Voxel-Based Weighted Multisensor Point Cloud Fusion with Color Consistency for Indoor Digital Twin Construction, pages 127–134

Data Interoperability

• An OGC API–Based Framework for Scalable and Interoperable Urban Digital Twin Ecosystems: Insights from the OGC Urban Digital Twins Interoperability Pilot, pages 135–140

Deep Learning for spatial data

• Robust Joint Instance-Semantic Segmentation for Semantic Enrichment of 3D Roof Reconstruction from Noisy Labels, pages 141–148

Digital Twin

• Improvement of three-dimensionalization method of roads and railroads in 3D Digital Japan Basic Map, pages 113–119
• 3DTiler: A tool to georeference 3D Models and generate 3D Tiles, pages 157–163

Digital Twins

• Mobile LiDAR Data and Imagery for Digital Twin Generation, pages 71–76

Digital twin

• KCitychatBot: A knowledge graph based chatbot system for large-scale CityGML dataset, pages 99–105

data co-registration

• Optimal transport with cost-free transformations for image co-registration, pages 179–186

data labeling

• Fine-Tuning DeepForest for Forest Tree Detection in High-Resolution UAV Imagery, pages 39–46

deep learning

• Fine-Tuning DeepForest for Forest Tree Detection in High-Resolution UAV Imagery, pages 39–46

E

estimation of treatment effects

• Optimal transport with cost-free transformations for image co-registration, pages 179–186

F

FlatBuffers

• FlatCityBuf: A new cloud-optimised CityJSON format, pages 17–24

Floor Plan

• Point Clouds for 3D Land Administration: Integrating Floor Plans and Nationwide Airborne LiDAR (AHN), pages 9–16

forest inventory

• Fine-Tuning DeepForest for Forest Tree Detection in High-Resolution UAV Imagery, pages 39–46

G

Geo-AI Integration

• An OGC API–Based Framework for Scalable and Interoperable Urban Digital Twin Ecosystems: Insights from the OGC Urban Digital Twins Interoperability Pilot, pages 135–140

GeoBIM Interoperability

• An Evaluation of IFC-CityGML Unidirectional Conversion for Road and Transportation Models, pages 63–70

Georeferencing

• 6326 Shades of Georeferencing BIM - Low distortion projections (LDP) for the German Railway, pages 47–53
• 3DTiler: A tool to georeference 3D Models and generate 3D Tiles, pages 157–163

Geospatial Information Policy

• A Perspective on the Standardization Process of 3D City Models in Japan: History of Geospatial Information Policy and Government Commitment to Standardization, pages 171–177

geospatial engineering

• 6326 Shades of Georeferencing BIM - Low distortion projections (LDP) for the German Railway, pages 47–53

H

Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI)

• Analysis of Building 3D Attribute Coverage and Spatial Disparity of Editing Activities in OpenStreetMap, pages 149–155

I

IFC

• Exploring Constructive Solid Geometry for Building Reconstruction from Point Clouds: Preliminary Results, pages 1–7

IFC Road Model

• An Evaluation of IFC-CityGML Unidirectional Conversion for Road and Transportation Models, pages 63–70

Indoor Digital Twin

• Adaptive Voxel-Based Weighted Multisensor Point Cloud Fusion with Color Consistency for Indoor Digital Twin Construction, pages 127–134

Integration

• A Lightweight Framework for Seamless Integration of Building Energy Simulations into Urban Digital Twins, pages 77–84

iPhone LiDAR

• Mobile LiDAR Data and Imagery for Digital Twin Generation, pages 71–76

image co-registration

• Optimal transport with cost-free transformations for image co-registration, pages 179–186

individual tree detection

• Fine-Tuning DeepForest for Forest Tree Detection in High-Resolution UAV Imagery, pages 39–46

integration

• Incorporating 3D Building Data into National Spatial Data Infrastructure: Challenges and Insights from Slovenia, pages 165–170

L

Land Administration

• Incorporating 3D Building Data into National Spatial Data Infrastructure: Challenges and Insights from Slovenia, pages 165–170

Land Administration System

• Point Clouds for 3D Land Administration: Integrating Floor Plans and Nationwide Airborne LiDAR (AHN), pages 9–16

Laser Scanning

• Adaptive Voxel-Based Weighted Multisensor Point Cloud Fusion with Color Consistency for Indoor Digital Twin Construction, pages 127–134

LiDAR

• GNSS/LiDAR-SLAM with Depth Image-based Scan Matching for Waterborne Mobile Mapping, pages 121–126

low distortion projection

• 6326 Shades of Georeferencing BIM - Low distortion projections (LDP) for the German Railway, pages 47–53

M

Machine Learning

• Predicting Building Height from Footprint and Urban Planning information for Digital Twin Generation, pages 107–112

Mapping accuracy

• Mobile LiDAR Data and Imagery for Digital Twin Generation, pages 71–76

Mobile acquisition

• From Point Cloud to 4D Thermal Model: Leveraging In-Situ Measurements from a Low-Cost Mobile Mapping System in Rabat, Morocco, pages 55–62

Modelica model

• A Lightweight Framework for Seamless Integration of Building Energy Simulations into Urban Digital Twins, pages 77–84

Multimodal Navigation

• A 3D TransferSpace-based Data Model for Integrating Multimodal Transportation Networks in Smart Cities, pages 85–90

Multimodal Transportation Network

• A 3D TransferSpace-based Data Model for Integrating Multimodal Transportation Networks in Smart Cities, pages 85–90

N

National Map

• Improvement of three-dimensionalization method of roads and railroads in 3D Digital Japan Basic Map, pages 113–119

Natural language processing

• KCitychatBot: A knowledge graph based chatbot system for large-scale CityGML dataset, pages 99–105

Network Integration

• A 3D TransferSpace-based Data Model for Integrating Multimodal Transportation Networks in Smart Cities, pages 85–90

O

OGC 3D Tiles

• 3DTiler: A tool to georeference 3D Models and generate 3D Tiles, pages 157–163

OGC API Standards

• An OGC API–Based Framework for Scalable and Interoperable Urban Digital Twin Ecosystems: Insights from the OGC Urban Digital Twins Interoperability Pilot, pages 135–140

OpenStreetMap (OSM)

• Analysis of Building 3D Attribute Coverage and Spatial Disparity of Editing Activities in OpenStreetMap, pages 149–155

optimal transport

• Optimal transport with cost-free transformations for image co-registration, pages 179–186

P

PLATEAU

• Developing a Spatial-ID–BasedWeb API for Serving 3-D City-Model Attributes and Reviewing the Spatial ID Specification, pages 25–29

Point Cloud

• Point Clouds for 3D Land Administration: Integrating Floor Plans and Nationwide Airborne LiDAR (AHN), pages 9–16

Point Cloud Registration

• Adaptive Voxel-Based Weighted Multisensor Point Cloud Fusion with Color Consistency for Indoor Digital Twin Construction, pages 127–134

Point Cloud Segmentation

• GNSS/LiDAR-SLAM with Depth Image-based Scan Matching for Waterborne Mobile Mapping, pages 121–126

Q

Quality Assurance

• Storing quality validation results in CityGML with the QualityADE, pages 31–37

Quality Management

• Storing quality validation results in CityGML with the QualityADE, pages 31–37

R

RGB and TIR images

• From Point Cloud to 4D Thermal Model: Leveraging In-Situ Measurements from a Low-Cost Mobile Mapping System in Rabat, Morocco, pages 55–62

Roof Type

• Predicting Building Height from Footprint and Urban Planning information for Digital Twin Generation, pages 107–112

Roof structure analysis

• Robust Joint Instance-Semantic Segmentation for Semantic Enrichment of 3D Roof Reconstruction from Noisy Labels, pages 141–148

railways

• 6326 Shades of Georeferencing BIM - Low distortion projections (LDP) for the German Railway, pages 47–53

S

SDI

• Incorporating 3D Building Data into National Spatial Data Infrastructure: Challenges and Insights from Slovenia, pages 165–170

Scan-to-BIM

• Exploring Constructive Solid Geometry for Building Reconstruction from Point Clouds: Preliminary Results, pages 1–7

Sensor Fusion

• Adaptive Voxel-Based Weighted Multisensor Point Cloud Fusion with Color Consistency for Indoor Digital Twin Construction, pages 127–134

SfM

• From Point Cloud to 4D Thermal Model: Leveraging In-Situ Measurements from a Low-Cost Mobile Mapping System in Rabat, Morocco, pages 55–62

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping

• GNSS/LiDAR-SLAM with Depth Image-based Scan Matching for Waterborne Mobile Mapping, pages 121–126

Smart Infrastructure

• Adaptive Voxel-Based Weighted Multisensor Point Cloud Fusion with Color Consistency for Indoor Digital Twin Construction, pages 127–134

Spatial ID

• Developing a Spatial-ID–BasedWeb API for Serving 3-D City-Model Attributes and Reviewing the Spatial ID Specification, pages 25–29

Standards

• A Perspective on the Standardization Process of 3D City Models in Japan: History of Geospatial Information Policy and Government Commitment to Standardization, pages 171–177

Streaming point cloud

• GNSS/LiDAR-SLAM with Depth Image-based Scan Matching for Waterborne Mobile Mapping, pages 121–126

segment anything model

• Exploring Constructive Solid Geometry for Building Reconstruction from Point Clouds: Preliminary Results, pages 1–7

semantic and instance segmentation

• Robust Joint Instance-Semantic Segmentation for Semantic Enrichment of 3D Roof Reconstruction from Noisy Labels, pages 141–148

spatial disparity

• Analysis of Building 3D Attribute Coverage and Spatial Disparity of Editing Activities in OpenStreetMap, pages 149–155

spatial indexing

• FlatCityBuf: A new cloud-optimised CityJSON format, pages 17–24

T

Transfer Space

• A 3D TransferSpace-based Data Model for Integrating Multimodal Transportation Networks in Smart Cities, pages 85–90

Transportation Ontology

• An Evaluation of IFC-CityGML Unidirectional Conversion for Road and Transportation Models, pages 63–70

training with noisy labels

• Robust Joint Instance-Semantic Segmentation for Semantic Enrichment of 3D Roof Reconstruction from Noisy Labels, pages 141–148

U

UAV imagery

• Fine-Tuning DeepForest for Forest Tree Detection in High-Resolution UAV Imagery, pages 39–46

Ultrasonic Positioning System

• Mobile LiDAR Data and Imagery for Digital Twin Generation, pages 71–76

Urban Digital Twin

• A Lightweight Framework for Seamless Integration of Building Energy Simulations into Urban Digital Twins, pages 77–84
• Predicting Building Height from Footprint and Urban Planning information for Digital Twin Generation, pages 107–112
• A Perspective on the Standardization Process of 3D City Models in Japan: History of Geospatial Information Policy and Government Commitment to Standardization, pages 171–177

Urban Noise Simulation

• An OGC API–Based Framework for Scalable and Interoperable Urban Digital Twin Ecosystems: Insights from the OGC Urban Digital Twins Interoperability Pilot, pages 135–140

Urban microclimate

• Evaluating cooling and energy-saving potential of Vertical Greenery Systems based on 3D City Models: A case study of three cities, pages 91–97

Urban morphology

• Evaluating cooling and energy-saving potential of Vertical Greenery Systems based on 3D City Models: A case study of three cities, pages 91–97

V

Validation

• Storing quality validation results in CityGML with the QualityADE, pages 31–37

Vertical Greenery Systems

• Evaluating cooling and energy-saving potential of Vertical Greenery Systems based on 3D City Models: A case study of three cities, pages 91–97

volunteered geographic information (VGI)

• Analysis of Building 3D Attribute Coverage and Spatial Disparity of Editing Activities in OpenStreetMap, pages 149–155

W

Web API

• Developing a Spatial-ID–BasedWeb API for Serving 3-D City-Model Attributes and Reviewing the Spatial ID Specification, pages 25–29