The Use of Close-range Photogrammetry and 3D Scanning for Diagnostic Purposes in Mechanical Engineering

Abstract. This article uses a case study to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of different photogrammetric technologies in practice. Close-range photogrammetry and 3D scanning technologies are increasingly used in engineering diagnostics due to their ability to deliver precise, non-contact measurements of complex components. This study evaluates and compares several such technologies—Linearis (code-target photogrammetry), image-based modeling and rendering (IBMR) using Agisoft Metashape, and the combined MAXSHOT 3D and HandySCAN 3D BLACK system. All these systems were applied to the spatial analysis of a large, 100-ton metal block forming the core of an engineering press. The objective was to assess the accuracy, efficiency, and practical usability of each method in determining spatial relationships, flatness, and parallelism of key structural elements. Results show that while IBMR offers simplicity and low cost, it requires defined scaling. Linearis provides good accuracy but is limited in image count and precision in used Lite version. The MAXSHOT 3D and HandySCAN 3D BLACK system proved most accurate, offering high-density point clouds suitable for CAD integration, albeit with higher costs and operational complexity. The choice of technology ultimately depends on required precision, object complexity, and resource availability. This case study underscores the importance of selecting appropriate 3D measurement tools based on specific diagnostic needs in industrial environments.