HOW TO COPE WITH HEAT AND COMBINED WITH HOT AND DRY CLIMATE IN CHAHAR-SOFE (FOUR-SIDED) HOUSES OF THE ZOROASTRIAN VILLAGE OF MAZRAEH KALANTAR, YAZD, IRAN

Abstract. The body of every village like Mazraeh Kalantar village was formed based on geographical, economic and cultural factors. The geographic factor itself consists of two categories, namely artificial geography and natural geography. Many factors can be classified under the heading of natural geography. In the field of physical architecture, the focus is mostly on climate factors, such as water, wind, cold, heat, humidity, sunlight, shape and the substances of the land. The Zoroastrian Village of Mazraeh Kalantar is located in the Meybod city (Yazd, Iran) and a hot and dry area. There are Chahar-Sofe (four-sided) houses in this village and various methods and considerations have been proposed to prevent the sunlight in these houses; therefore, in this study, in order to find the solutions for coping with heat and Combined with dry and hot climate in Chahar-Sofe houses of the Mazraeh Kalantar village, five houses have been investigated. Some of these solutions include: selecting the right geographical location, creating sofe (porch), Creating shadows, choosing a suitable type, colour, and size for the building materials, choosing the right type of roof covering, central courtyard, having the suitable architectural body and mass for houses, etc. These items show how much environmental factors, especially the climate of a village, can affect every aspect of a house, including: the type of home materials, the physics and shape of the house, elements of the home, how the house is Geographic orientation and the spaces inside it, etc.