Determining the Amount of Crop Residue Cover Using Image Analysis

Abstract. This research investigates the use of UAV-based image analysis to quantify crop residue cover on the soil surface after tillage operations. Crop residue plays a crucial role in sustainable agriculture by reducing nutrient runoff and decreasing the susceptibility of topsoil to erosion. By anchoring the soil and obstructing surface flow, residue helps mitigate the loss of fine particles, especially during seasonal transitions. To assess residue coverage, aerial images were captured using two types of UAVs equipped with different imaging systems: a standard RGB camera and a multispectral camera. The imagery was then analysed to determine the extent of plant debris remaining on the field surface. The research highlights the advantages of using UAV-based imaging, including high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and superior resolution compared to satellite imagery. This makes the method particularly suitable for field-scale residue mapping. The results demonstrated that images captured with RGB cameras were more compatible with the applied image analysis techniques. Residue was clearly distinguishable, and shadows from soil clods had minimal impact on detection accuracy. Conversely, multispectral imagery posed greater challenges in processing, primarily due to reduced contrast between residue and soil and increased sensitivity to shadow interference. Overall, the findings support the use of RGB UAV imagery as a reliable and practical tool for quantifying crop residue cover. This approach offers a scalable solution for monitoring soil conservation practices and evaluating tillage outcomes across agricultural fields.