Towards automation of river water surface detection

Pumping wells may not be officially registered or documented. We develop a new framework to jointly estimate spatially variable conductivity and identify unknown pumping well locations and rates. Our results support the ability of the new approach to accurately estimate conductivity and identify well location and rates under diverse configurations, attaining a quality of performance similar to its traditional counterpart while computational time is reduced by nearly an order of magnitude.

We introduce a comprehensive methodology that combines multi-objective optimization, global sensitivity analysis (GSA) and 3D groundwater modeling to analyze subsurface flow dynamics across large-scale domains. In this way, we effectively consider the inherent uncertainty associated with subsurface system characterizations and their interactions with surface waterbodies. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach by applying it to the largest groundwater system in Italy.