Challenges and Results in the Exploration and Documentation of Unique Historical Underground Complexes

Abstract. Historical mining adits represent an important part of cultural heritage, but their documentation often poses significant challenges due to limited accessibility, complex shapes, and harsh underground conditions. This paper compares traditional and modern surveying methods for underground spaces, focussing on the use of static and mobile laser scanning as well as low-cost solutions such as LiDAR sensors integrated in smartphones. Field tests conducted at selected sites in the Czech Republic evaluated the accuracy, time requirements, and suitability of each method for different types of adits. The results demonstrate that MLS technology offers an optimal balance between accuracy and efficiency, while even low-cost devices can provide basic data for quick preliminary mapping. The study provides recommendations for selecting the appropriate documentation methods according to site-specific conditions.