Assessing Residential Land Efficiency with Spatial–Contextual GMM and Human Activity
Big Data: A Case Study of Shenzhen

Liang, Shihao; Liu, Yixin; Guo, Renzhong; Wang, Weixi; Ma, Ding; Zheng, Ye; Tang, Shengjun; Xie, Linfu; Li, Xiaoming

doi:10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-167-2026

Articles | Volume XLIX-B4-2026

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Articles | Volume XLIX-B4-2026

https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-167-2026

Articles | Volume XLIX-B4-2026

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04 Aug 2026

| 04 Aug 2026

Assessing Residential Land Efficiency with Spatial–Contextual GMM and Human Activity Big Data: A Case Study of Shenzhen

Shihao Liang, Yixin Liu, Renzhong Guo, Weixi Wang, Ding Ma, Ye Zheng, Shengjun Tang, Linfu Xie, and Xiaoming Li

Shihao Liang

Research Institute for Smart Cities & MNR Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, School of Architecture and Urban Planning , Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

Yixin Liu

Research Institute for Smart Cities & MNR Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, School of Architecture and Urban Planning , Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

Renzhong Guo

Research Institute for Smart Cities & MNR Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, School of Architecture and Urban Planning , Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

Weixi Wang

Research Institute for Smart Cities & MNR Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, School of Architecture and Urban Planning , Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

Ding Ma

Research Institute for Smart Cities & MNR Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, School of Architecture and Urban Planning , Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

Ye Zheng

Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China

Shengjun Tang

Research Institute for Smart Cities & MNR Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, School of Architecture and Urban Planning , Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

Linfu Xie

Research Institute for Smart Cities & MNR Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, School of Architecture and Urban Planning , Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

Xiaoming Li

Research Institute for Smart Cities & MNR Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, School of Architecture and Urban Planning , Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

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Assessing Residential Land Efficiency with Spatial–Contextual GMM and Human Activity Big Data: A Case Study of Shenzhen

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