Linking UAV and Spaceborne Imaging Spectroscopy for Multi-scale Calibration and Validation of a Mediterranean Saline Surface

We created a new global map of forests and tree crops for 2020 at 10 m resolution using satellite embeddings. After testing many machine learning methods, we found that simple linear models performed as well as or better than more complex ones. Forest/non-forest map achieves 92 % overall accuracy and separates tree crops with low confusion with forests. This shows that satellite embeddings can support reliable and efficient global forest monitoring and inform international and national policies.

Rapid loss of cave ice demands reliable quantification of volumetric change, yet irregular geometry, limited access, and dynamic melt surfaces make this challenging. We present a transferable terrestrial laser scanning workflow, from noise assessment through surface reconstruction to three-dimensional change and error propagation, robust under suboptimal acquisition. At Scărișoara Ice Cave, Romania, it revealed a loss of 1521 cubic metres in three years, controlled by morphology and drip water.

We created a new global map of forests and tree crops for 2020 at 10 m resolution using satellite embeddings. After testing many machine learning methods, we found that simple linear models performed as well as or better than more complex ones. Forest/non-forest map achieves 92% overall accuracy and separates tree crops with low confusion with forests. This shows that satellite embeddings can support reliable and efficient global forest monitoring and inform international and national policies.

Climate change is deeply impacting mountain areas around the globe, especially in the Himalaya. Here, we present the Pyramid Meteorological Network, located in the Himalaya (Nepal) on the southern slopes of Mt. Everest. The network is composed of seven meteorological stations located between 2660 and 7986 m a.s.l., which collected continuous climatic data during 30 recent years (1994–2023). The dataset is freely accessible from https://zenodo.org/records/15211352 (Salerno et al., 2024).