Gaussian splatting for the reconstruction of complex and highly detailed object

Gonizzi Barsanti, Sara; Billi, Dario; Sommer, Etienne; Elefante, Erika; Murtiyoso, Arnadi

doi:10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-1355-2026

3D Meshing of Challenging Surfaces using Gaussian Splatting

Dario Billi, Chaimaa Delasse, Arnadi Murtiyoso, Hélène Macher, Pierre Grussenmeyer, Gabriella Caroti, and Andrea Piemonte

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIX-B2-2026, 801–808, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-801-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-801-2026, 2026

A Hybrid Approach using Gaussian Splatting and Parametric Models based on 3D Renders for Real-Time Visualisation

Etienne Sommer, Arnadi Murtiyoso, Mathieu Koehl, and Pierre Grussenmeyer

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIX-B2-2026, 551–558, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-551-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B2-2026-551-2026, 2026

3D Thermal-Photogrammetric Modeling with an Integrated Digital Platform for Heritage Preservation

Erika Elefante, Daniela Ciarlo, and Sara Gonizzi Barsanti

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-2-W12-2026, 137–142, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-137-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-137-2026, 2026

Exploring Point Transformers on 3D Semantic Segmentation of Javanese Architectures

Thodoris Betsas, Arnadi Murtiyoso, Pierre Grussenmeyer, and Andreas Georgopoulos

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-2-W12-2026, 57–64, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-57-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-57-2026, 2026

BIM-AR Interactive Data Accessibility in Cultural Heritage: a VPL Integrated Approach

Pierpaolo D’Agostino, Saverio D'Auria, Erika Elefante, and Giuseppe Antuono

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-2-W12-2026, 121–127, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-121-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-121-2026, 2026

Metric Assessment of 3D Gaussian Splatting for UAV-Based Urban Heritage Reconstruction

Widiatmoko A. Fadilah, Arnadi Murtiyoso, Tania Landes, and Pierre Grussenmeyer

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-2-W12-2026, 143–150, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-143-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-143-2026, 2026

Challenges and Capabilities of 3DGS in Detecting Tiny Details for Cultural Heritage

Sara Gonizzi Barsanti and Erika Elefante

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-2-W12-2026, 183–189, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-183-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-183-2026, 2026

Integrating Terrestrial Laser Scanning and 3D Gaussian Splatting for Heritage Building Documentation and Monitoring

Deni Suwardhi, Lea Kristi Agustina, Wahyunan Andika, Ratri Widyastuti, Widiatmoko Azis Fadilah, Arnadi Murtiyoso, and Fabio Remondino

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-2-W12-2026, 463–470, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-463-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-463-2026, 2026

Plane-Intersection Reconstruction of Integrated Point Clouds toward Property Valuation-Oriented 3D Building Models

Ratri Widyastuti, Deni Suwardhi, Andri Hernandi, Darren A.P. Siagian, Arnadi Murtiyoso, and Fabio Remondino

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-2-W12-2026, 503–509, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-503-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W12-2026-503-2026, 2026

Cross-domain urban and heritage point cloud benchmarks for semantic segmentation: insights from the 3M (Mapping Mappano Municipality) and ArCHX datasets

Francesca Matrone, Andrea Maria Lingua, Arnadi Murtiyoso, Madhavan Sridhar, Luis Javier Sanchez Aparicio, Ruben Santamaria Maestro, Pablo Sanz-Honrado, Hina Pande, Poonam Seth Tiwari, and Shefali Agrawal

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-1-W6-2025, 131–137, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W6-2025-131-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W6-2025-131-2025, 2025

FEM Simulation of Ballistic Impacts on Pompeii Walls for the Reconstruction of Roman Throwers War Machine

Monil Mihirbhai Thakkar, Amir Ardeshiri Lordejani, Mario Guagliano, Silvia Bertacchi, Sara Gonizzi Barsanti, and Adriana Rossi

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-M-9-2025, 1491–1497, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-1491-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-1491-2025, 2025

Initial Experiments on the Use of Radiance Fields for Underwater 3D Reconstruction

Beatrice Tanduo, Francesca Matrone, and Arnadi Murtiyoso

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-M-9-2025, 1475–1481, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-1475-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-1475-2025, 2025

Integrative AI for the Understanding of Ancient Javanese Architectures

Arnadi Murtiyoso, Gabriele Mazzacca, Fabio Remondino, and Deni Suwardhi

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-M-9-2025, 1065–1072, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-1065-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-1065-2025, 2025

Gaussian Splatting for Facade Orthophoto Generation – Comparison with MVS and TLS

Arnadi Murtiyoso and Hélène Macher

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-M-9-2025, 1059–1064, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-1059-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-1059-2025, 2025

Denoising and Voxelization Algorithms for Finite Element Analysis of Cultural Heritage

Sara Gonizzi Barsanti, Ernesto Nappi, Erika Elefante, and Anna Manzone

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-M-9-2025, 541–548, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-541-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-541-2025, 2025

Survey Data Integration for Enhanced Cultural Heritage Dissemination and Analysis through Virtual Reality

Erika Elefante, Sara Gonizzi Barsanti, and Anna Manzone

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-M-9-2025, 443–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-443-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-443-2025, 2025

Implementing 3D Augmented Reality for Increasing Public Outreach of Majapahit Archeological Sites

Filsa Bioresita, Husnul Hidayat, Arnadi Murtiyoso, Emmanuel Moisan, Pierre Grussenmeyer, Mokhamad Nur Cahyadi, Agung Budi Cahyono, and Irham Maulana

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-M-9-2025, 141–147, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-141-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-9-2025-141-2025, 2025

3D Reconstruction of Underwater Shipwrecks: 3D Gaussian Splatting and Structure from Motion for the Melania shipwreck

Dario Billi, Valeria Croce, Andrea Piemonte, and Gabriella Caroti

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-2-W10-2025, 19–25, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W10-2025-19-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W10-2025-19-2025, 2025

Labelling point clouds in VR

Cyprien Raymi Fol, Arnadi Murtiyoso, Gabriele Mazzacca, Thomas Saint-André, Fabio Remondino, and Verena Christiane Griess

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-2-W8-2024, 163–168, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W8-2024-163-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W8-2024-163-2024, 2024

Systematic synthesis of the notion of scale levels and digital representation in the application of 3D geospatial technology for virtual forests

Arnadi Murtiyoso, Normand Overney, and Deni Suwardhi

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-2-W8-2024, 343–348, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W8-2024-343-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W8-2024-343-2024, 2024

Advancing forest inventory: a comparative study of low-cost MLS lidar device with professional laser scanners

Mattia Balestra, Carlos Cabo, Arnadi Murtiyoso, Alessandro Vitali, Flor Alvarez-Taboada, Alejandro Cantero-Amiano, Rodolfo Bolaños, Diego Laino, and Roberto Pierdicca

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-2-W8-2024, 9–15, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W8-2024-9-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W8-2024-9-2024, 2024

Conceptual Model of Graph-based Individual Tree and Its Utilization in Digital Twin and Metaverse of Urban Forest

Agus Ambarwari, Deni Suwardhi, Medria Shekar Rani, Emir Husni, Deny Willy Junaidy, Fauzan Alfi Agirachman, Arnadi Murtiyoso, and Verena Christiane Griess

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-4-2024, 7–12, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-2024-7-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-4-2024-7-2024, 2024

COMPARISON OF STATE-OF-THE-ART MULTI-VIEW STEREO SOLUTIONS FOR CLOSE RANGE HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION

A. Murtiyoso, J. Markiewicz, A. K. Karwel, P. Grussenmeyer, and P. Kot

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-2-W4-2024, 317–323, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W4-2024-317-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W4-2024-317-2024, 2024

NEURAL RADIANCE FIELDS (NERF) FOR MULTI-SCALE 3D MODELING OF CULTURAL HERITAGE ARTIFACTS

V. Croce, G. Forleo, D. Billi, M. G. Bevilacqua, A. Piemonte, and G. Caroti

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-2-W4-2024, 165–171, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W4-2024-165-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W4-2024-165-2024, 2024

A METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR AN AUGMENTED HBIM EXPERIENCE THE ARCHITECTURAL THRESHOLDS OF THE MOSTRA D'OLTREMARE

G. Antuono, E. Elefante, P. G. Vindrola, and P. D’Agostino

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-2-W4-2024, 9–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W4-2024-9-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W4-2024-9-2024, 2024

LOW-COST WORKFLOW FOR 3D URBAN FOREST VIRTUAL RECONSTRUCTION

C. Chioni, A. Murtiyoso, S. Favargiotti, and G. A. Massari

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-1-W2-2023, 1723–1728, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W2-2023-1723-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W2-2023-1723-2023, 2023

COMPARISON OF DEEP LEARNING ARCHITECTURES FOR THE SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF SLUM AREAS FROM SATELLITE IMAGES

Y. A. Lumban-Gaol, A. Rizaldy, and A. Murtiyoso

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-1-W2-2023, 1439–1444, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W2-2023-1439-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W2-2023-1439-2023, 2023

INVESTIGATION ON THE USE OF NeRF FOR HERITAGE 3D DENSE RECONSTRUCTION FOR INTERIOR SPACES

A. Murtiyoso, J. Markiewicz, A. K. Karwel, and P. Kot

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-1-W3-2023, 115–121, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W3-2023-115-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W3-2023-115-2023, 2023

TERRESTRIAL 3D MAPPING OF FORESTS: GEOREFERENCING CHALLENGES AND SENSORS COMPARISONS

C. R. Fol, A. Murtiyoso, D. Kükenbrink, F. Remondino, and V. C. Griess

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-1-W3-2023, 55–61, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W3-2023-55-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-1-W3-2023-55-2023, 2023

INITIAL ASSESSMENT ON THE USE OF STATE-OF-THE-ART NERF NEURAL NETWORK 3D RECONSTRUCTION FOR HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION

A. Murtiyoso and P. Grussenmeyer

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-M-2-2023, 1113–1118, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-2-2023-1113-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-2-2023-1113-2023, 2023

DIGITAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE RESTORATION PROJECT. THE CASE OF THE TEMPLE OF VENUS IN BAIA

P. D’Agostino, G. Antuono, E. Elefante, and R. Amore

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-M-2-2023, 461–471, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-2-2023-461-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-2-2023-461-2023, 2023

DIGITAL (RE)CONSTRUCTION FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

S. Gonizzi Barsanti, M. Guagliano, and A. Rossi

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-M-2-2023, 685–692, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-2-2023-685-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-2-2023-685-2023, 2023

EVALUATION OF 3D MODEL OF REBAR FOR QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS

A. H. Qureshi, W. S. Alaloul, A. Murtiyoso, S. J. Hussain, S. Saad, and V. K. Oad

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-2-W1-2022, 215–220, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W1-2022-215-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W1-2022-215-2022, 2022

LOW-COST MAPPING OF FOREST UNDER-STOREY VEGETATION USING SPHERICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY

A. Murtiyoso, H. Hristova, N. Rehush, and V. C. Griess

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-2-W1-2022, 185–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W1-2022-185-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W1-2022-185-2022, 2022

FEASIBILITY STUDY OF USING VIRTUAL REALITY FOR INTERACTIVE AND IMMERSIVE SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF SINGLE TREE STEMS

C. R. Fol, A. Murtiyoso, and V. C. Griess

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVIII-2-W1-2022, 95–99, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W1-2022-95-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W1-2022-95-2022, 2022

EVALUATION OF AZURE KINECT DERIVED POINT CLOUDS TO DETERMINE THE PRESENCE OF MICROHABITATS ON SINGLE TREES BASED ON THE SWISS STANDARD PARAMETERS

C. R. Fol, A. Murtiyoso, and V. C. Griess

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B2-2022, 989–994, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B2-2022-989-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B2-2022-989-2022, 2022

2D TO 3D LABEL PROPAGATION FOR THE SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF HERITAGE BUILDING POINT CLOUDS

E. Pellis, A. Murtiyoso, A. Masiero, G. Tucci, M. Betti, and P. Grussenmeyer

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B2-2022, 861–867, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B2-2022-861-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B2-2022-861-2022, 2022

COMPARISON OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY TOOLS CONSIDERING REBAR PROGRESS RECOGNITION

A. H. Qureshi, W. S. Alaloul, A. Murtiyoso, S. Saad, and B. Manzoor

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B2-2022, 141–146, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B2-2022-141-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B2-2022-141-2022, 2022

AUTOMATIC TRAINING DATA GENERATION IN DEEP LEARNING-AIDED SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS

A. Murtiyoso, F. Matrone, M. Martini, A. Lingua, P. Grussenmeyer, and R. Pierdicca

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., V-2-2022, 317–324, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-2-2022-317-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-2-2022-317-2022, 2022

AN IMAGE-BASED DEEP LEARNING WORKFLOW FOR 3D HERITAGE POINT CLOUD SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION

E. Pellis, A. Murtiyoso, A. Masiero, G. Tucci, M. Betti, and P. Grussenmeyer

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVI-2-W1-2022, 429–434, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-2-W1-2022-429-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-2-W1-2022-429-2022, 2022

AUTOMATIC POINT CLOUD NOISE MASKING IN CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR BUILDINGS USING AI-BASED SEMANTIC LABELLING

A. Murtiyoso and P. Grussenmeyer

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVI-2-W1-2022, 389–393, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-2-W1-2022-389-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-2-W1-2022-389-2022, 2022

HBIM FROM A FIRST CENTURY ICONOGRAPHY

S. Gonizzi Barsanti, S. Lillo Giner, and A. Rossi

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVI-2-W1-2022, 231–238, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-2-W1-2022-231-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-2-W1-2022-231-2022, 2022

EXPERIMENTS USING SMARTPHONE-BASED VIDEOGRAMMETRY FOR LOW-COST CULTURAL HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION

A. Murtiyoso and P. Grussenmeyer

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVI-M-1-2021, 487–491, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-M-1-2021-487-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-M-1-2021-487-2021, 2021

HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION AND KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER: A REPORT ON THE CIPA TROPICAL SCHOOL IN CANDI SEWU (INDONESIA)

A. Murtiyoso, D. Suwardhi, P. Grussenmeyer, W. A. Fadilah, K. N. Fauzan, S. W. Trisyanti, Brahmantara, and H. Macher

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLVI-M-1-2021, 493–497, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-M-1-2021-493-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVI-M-1-2021-493-2021, 2021

Gaussian splatting for the reconstruction of complex and highly detailed object

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